Federalism
3
Video: The Big Picture
3
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MED
IA_1/polisci/presidency/Edwards_Ch03_Federalism_Seg1_
v1.html
Learning Objectives
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.2
3
Define federalism and contrast it
with alternative ways of organizing a
nation.
Outline the constitutional basis for
the division of power between
national and state governments, the
establishment of national
supremacy, and states’ obligations
to each other.
Learning Objectives
3.3
3.4
3
Characterize the shift from dual to
cooperative federalism, the role of
fiscal federalism in intergovernmental
relations today, and diversity in
policies among the states.
Explain the consequences of
federalism for diversity in public
polices among the states.
Learning Objectives
3.5
Assess the impact of federalism on
democratic government and the
scope of government.
3
Video: The Basics
3
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MED
IA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg2_Federalism_v2.html
Defining Federalism
 What is federalism?
 Unitary system
 Power given to central government
 Confederation
 Weak national government and power given to states
 Intergovernmental relations
3.1
Authority relations in three systems of
government
3.1
3.1 Which organizing system does
the government in the United States
use?
a. Confederate
b. Unitary
c. Federal
d. Intergovernmental
3.1
3.1 Which organizing system does
the government in the United States
use?
a. Confederate
b. Unitary
c. Federal
d. Intergovernmental
3.1
Constitutional Basis of
Federalism
 Division of Power
 National Supremacy
 States’ Obligations to Each Other
3.2
Division of Power
 States retained many powers
 Organize local governments and elections
 Ratify Constitutional amendments
 Equal representation in Senate
3.2
Some Powers Denied States by the
Constitution
3.2
Division of Power
Federal obligations to states




Cannot divide states
Cannot tax interstate exports
Protect states against invasion
Overlapping responsibilities
3.2
National Supremacy
Which level should do what?
 Debates over areas of policy responsibility
 Supremacy clause
 Civil War
 The Struggle for Racial Equality
 Tenth Amendment
 Eleventh Amendment
3.2
Wallace and segregation
3.2
National Supremacy
 Implied Powers



McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Enumerated powers
Elastic clause
3.2
Supremacy Clause and
Immigration
3.2
National Supremacy
 Commerce power




Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Promote economic development
Regulate economic activity
Expansion then retraction
3.2
States’ Obligations to Each
Other
 Full faith and credit

Defense of Marriage Act (1996)
3.2
States’ Obligations to Each
Other
 Extradition
 Privileges and immunities
3.2
3.2 Which clause of the Constitution
requires states to honor contracts
signed in other states?
a. Privileges and immunities
b. Full faith and credit
c. Necessary and proper
d. Commerce
3.2
3.2 Which clause of the Constitution
requires states to honor contracts
signed in other states?
a. Privileges and immunities
b. Full faith and credit
c. Necessary and proper
d. Commerce
3.2
Explore the Simulation: You
Are a Federal Judge
3.2
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_longman_media
_1/2013_mpsl_sim/simulation.html?simulaURL=3
Video: In Context
3.2
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MED
IA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg3_Federalism_v2.html
Intergovernmental Relations
 From Dual to Cooperative Federalism
 Devolution?
 Fiscal Federalism
3.3
From Dual to Cooperative
Federalism
 Dual federalism
 Separate spheres of authority
 Layer cake
 Interpret federal power narrowly
 Cooperative federalism
 Shared costs
 Federal guidelines
 Shared administration
3.3
Interstate highways
3.3
From Dual to Cooperative
Federalism
 Cooperative federalism in action
 Schools
 Highways and State Alcohol laws
3.3
Devolution?
 Party divide on federalism
 Democrats favor national government
 Republicans favor states
 Devolution since Reagan
 Loosening federal regulations
 1994 Congress
 Harnessing federal government power
3.3
Fiscal Federalism
 The Grant System
 Categorical grants





Specific purpose
Crossover sanctions
Crosscutting requirements
Project grants
Formula grants
 Block grants
 1994 Congress
 Scramble for federal dollars
 Mandate blues
3.3
Fiscal Federalism
 The Grant System
 Categorical grants





Specific purpose
Crossover sanctions
Crosscutting requirements
Project grants
Formula grants
 Block grants
 1994 Congress
 Scramble for federal dollars
 Mandate blues
3.3
FIGURE 3.1: Fiscal federalism: Federal
grants to state and local governments
3.3
No Child Left Behind Act
3.3
3.3 Which of the following gives
states more discretion in using
federal funds?
a. Categorical grant
b. Formula grant
c. Block grant
d. Mandate
3.3
3.3 Which of the following gives
states more discretion in using
federal funds?
a. Categorical grant
b. Formula grant
c. Block grant
d. Mandate
3.3
Explore Federalism: Which
States Win or Lose in the
Federal Aid Game?
3.3
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_edwards_mpslgi
a_16/pex/pex3.html
Diversity in Policy
 Diversity in public opinion reflected
 Policy innovation facilitated
 Diversity has its downside
3.4
3.4 Which of the following is a result
of federalism?
a. Diversity of policies in states
b. States can be policy innovators
c. States can spend less on education
d. All of the above
3.4
3.4 Which of the following is a result
of federalism?
a. Diversity of policies in states
b. States can be policy innovators
c. States can spend less on education
d. All of the above
3.4
Video: Thinking Like a
Political Scientist
3.4
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MED
IA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg4_Federalism_v2.html
Understanding Federalism
3.5
 Federalism and Democracy
 Federalism and the Scope of the National
Government
FIGURE 3.2: State and local spending on
public education
3.5
Federalism and Democracy
 Contributions to democracy





Decentralizes politics
Disputes resolved at lower levels of govt.
Majorities can be heard at state level
More opportunities for participation
Losing elections less painful
 Detriments to democracy
 Electoral College
 Thwarting national majorities
3.5
Number of governments in America
3.5
Federalism and the Scope of
the National Government
 Why national government grew
 Economic intervention
 Industrialization




Quotas
Subsidies
Preventing monopolies
Occupational health and safety
 Urbanization
 Housing
 Social welfare
3.5
FIGURE 3.3: Fiscal Federalism: The size of
the public sector
3.5
3.5 Federalism has contributed to
democracy in all of the following
ways except:
a. The Electoral College
b. More opportunities for participation
c. Disputes resolved at lower levels
d. More points of access
3.5
3.5 Federalism has contributed to
democracy in all of the following
ways except:
a. The Electoral College
b. More opportunities for participation
c. Disputes resolved at lower levels
d. More points of access
3.5
Video: In the Real World
3.5
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MED
IA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg5_Federalism_v2.html
Discussion Question
3
In what ways has federalism contributed to
democracy? In what ways has federalism
been detrimental to democracy? Has this
pattern followed the Framers’ intentions?
Could they have foreseen the issues the
federal government and the states would
have to deal with after industrialization?
Video: So What?
3
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MED
IA_1/polisci/presidency/Edwards_Ch03_Federalism_Seg6_
v2.html
Further Review: On
MyPoliSciLab
 Listen to the Chapter
 Study and Review the Flashcards
 Study and Review the Practice Tests
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