RESEARCH OF VISUAL PROCESSING
ABILITY IN CHINESE CHILDREN WITH
DEVELOPMNETAL DICTATION
DISABLITIES
SPECIAL EDUCATION COLLEGE OF
BEIJING UNION UNVERSITY
MAO RONGJIAN
rongjianmao@buu.edu.cn
1.Introduction of Dictation Disabilities
• For the character's reading, Chinese children
are able to achieve the same grade level of
children, but the dictation score significantly
behind the average child in the same grade
level.
• This dictation difficulty is not caused by
inappropriate education, mental, emotional or
behavioral disorders 。
Characteristics of Chinese characters
• （1）Chinese characters are ideograms. Chinese
character is more complex. Chinese characters are
composed of components and strokes .
• （2） Chinese characters is a syllabic word.
Chinese characters and pronunciation contact
occurs at the syllable level, Chinese
characters are opaque word, no sound shape
corresponding rule.
Review of Graphemic Representation in
Dictation Disabilities
• Chinese children with dictation disabilities are
good reader but poor speller.
• The mechanism of English developmental
spelling difficulties was studied on coding, and
no consistent conclusion was produced.
• The graphic and phonetic construct between
Chinese and English Characters is very
different.
• The study model and research results on
English cannot be transferred to Chinese
Developmental Dictation Disabilities.
• For Chinese children with developmental
dictation Disabilities, there were some major
defects in the mental graphemic
representation.
• It is characterized by low level of global
mental graphemic representation, inaccurate
mental graphemic representation of Chinese
character component.
2.Research hypothesis
• For learning Chinese characters, the children's
visual processing ability should be very high.
• Visual processing defects can affect the
mental graphemic representation of integrity,
accuracy, which leads to difficulty in dictation.
• Compared with normal children, dictation
children's visual processing ability ( visual
discrimination ability, visual short-term
memory capacity, overall visual processing
capacity ) have some defects.
3.Experimental subjects
• Participants from Beijing city four
ordinary primary school 3, 4 grade
students.
• A total of 310 students participated in
the screening, wherein the third grade
110, the fourth grade 200.
• According to the reading test, dictation test,
screening out of 30 children of dictation
disabilities, served as the experimental group,
32 subjects as a control group of normal
children.
Table 1 The basic situation of experimental subject
grade
3
Grade
4
male
femal
e
age
Correct ratio of
recognizing
Experime 9
nt
group(30)
21
15
15
9.07(0.52) 0.86(0.05)
0.41(0.10)
Control
9
group(32)
23
17
15
9.15(0.6)
0.10(0.04)
0.90(0.05)
Different ratio
of literacy
4.Experimental Process
• Experiment 1 visual discrimination
Experiment 2 visual short-term
memory
• Experiment 3 visual integration
Experiment 1 visual discrimination
• The experimental material has four
groups, each group has two pictures.
Two pictures on the whole are similar,
but there are differences in details.
• Requirements: subjects identify each
group pictures’ difference.
• A total of 24 points. Time is 4 minutes.
Table 2 Different types of children's visual
discrimination performance comparison
group
M
SD
Experiment
group(30)
11.13
2.16
Control
group(32)
14.5
4.20
t
-3.928
P
.000
Experiment 2 visual short-term memory
• On the computer screen, regular random
presents 10 ancient Chinese characters, the
subjects were required to remember. Then
one by one, then randomly presented
includes 10 have not seen in ancient
Chinese characters, a total of 20 ancient
Chinese characters, subjects were asked to
press answer.
• Recognition Score = (number of correct
recognition - the number of false
recognition) × 2
Table 3 Different types of subjects in visual shortterm memory performance comparison
Group
M
SD
Experiment
group(30)
11.56
5.12
Control
group(32)
12.00
6.67
t
P
-.281
.780
Experiment 3 visual integration
• Experimental materials: a total of four lines
graphics, each graphic is composed of three
graphic mosaic
• Requirements: Subjects quickly find the
target pattern that is hidden in complex
graphics. Time is 3 minutes.
• Scores are subjects to find the correct
number of graph.
Table4 Different types of visual integration
performance comparison
Group
M
SD
Experiment
group(30)
10.13
1.53
Control
group(32)
10.56
1.80
t
P
-1.011
.316
5. Conclusion
• (1) Dictation children's visual discrimination exist
•
defects. Visual memory, visual whole processing
without defect.
(2) Visual discrimination ability has a great
influence on Chinese character recognition, not
only will affect the character encoding standards,
will also affect the degree of processing Chinese
character, leading to problems with the accuracy
of graphemic representation.
Future research
• (1)To explore the eye-movement
characteristics and the visual cognitive
processing traits of Chinese children with
dictation disabilities during recognize Chinese
characters
• (2)To explore the attention characteristics and
cognitive processing traits of Chinese children
with dictation disabilities
• (3)To offer reference for measures designed
for therapy.
Chinese Character Table of Dictation
绿、诗、漫、净、渣、脸、孩、枫、琴、怦、族、旗、坛、辩、播、
猴、傍、耐、福、领、蹦、晨、船、睛、喜、舰、晒、影、飘、溪、
野、躲、宿、轰、笋、躺、微、脆、鹃、痕、锋、摸、芬、弱、茂、
蜜、泼、柏、凰、雄、烁、骗、壁、整、眨、鸣、涛、蝉、刨、虹、
埋、稠、滑、傲、聪、膊、荡、糟、筋、桩、欺、膀、睡、谜、染、
寒、炎、栽、醉、耍、戴、雀、察、掌、趣、胸、仰、端、基、秘、
旅、遗、遥、精、枚、愁、菠、醒、嫩、励
Test of visual discrimination
3
4
Chinese character table of visual short-term memory
Test of Visual Integration
THANK YOU