INTEGRATED FOREST
PROTECTION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Principles of IFP
Application of IFP to Nurseries
Strategies and Tools for IFP in
Forests
Integrated Forest Protection
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Interdisciplinary (Systems approach)
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Ecological basis
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Clear goals
Pest interactions
Plant Disease Triangle
Economic (or action) thresholds
Use a variety of tactics and treatments in
a coordinated approach

Prevention of pest problems
Systems Approach
Forest Management
(What are your Goals?)
Pest Management
Ecological Basis
PATHOGEN
ENVIRONMENT
PLANT DISEASE TRIANGLE
HOST
Economic (or Action) Thesholds
Pest Population Density
Benefit = Cost
Economic Injury Level
or
Resource Impact Level
Economic Threshold
or
Action Threshold
Time
Information Needed to Implement
Integrated Forest Protection
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Basic biology and ecology
Impact data
Detection/monitoring systems
Hazard/risk rating systems
Treatment alternatives
Hazard and Risk Rating Models
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Hazard = susceptibility
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Risk = Hazard + measure of pest
abundance and proximity
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suitability of the environment for a specific
pest
amount of damage that will occur if pest is
present
probability that an infestation will occur
Hazard ≠ Risk
The Forest Insect and
Pathogen Hazard Rating
System Database
Cataloging hundreds of North American
Hazard Rating Models
in one cross-referenced Microsoft Access
database
Andrew McMahan1
Eric L Smith2
1: ITX, Inc., Ft. Collins, CO
2: Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Fort Collins, CO
http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/
STRATEGIES
EARLY DETECTION
EXCLUSION
PREVENTION
PATHOGEN
PROTECTION
ERADICATION
ENVIRONMENT
HOST
TOOLS
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PORT OF ENTRY INSPECTIONS
AERIAL SURVEY
PATHOGEN
QUARANTINE
RESISTANCE
ENVIRONMENT HOST
SILVICULTURE
SILVICULTURE
SILVICULTURE
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CHAINSAWS
HOEDADS
FUNGICIDES
Integrated Nursery Protection
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Interdisciplinary (Systems approach)
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Ecological basis
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
Clear goals
Pest interactions
Plant Disease Triangle
Economic (or action) thresholds
Use a variety of tactics and treatments in
a coordinated approach

Prevention of pest problems
Interdisciplinary (Systems approach)
Clear goals
Ecological basis
Pest interactions
Plant Disease Triangle
PATHOGEN
ENVIRONMENT
HOST
Economic (or action) thresholds
Information Needed to Implement
Integrated Forest Protection

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Basic biology and ecology
Impact data
Detection/monitoring systems
Hazard/risk rating systems
Treatment alternatives
PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT ROT
PATHOGEN
ENVIRONMENT
HOST
FUMIGATION
SOLARIZATION
FUSARIUM ROOT ROT
Bend Pine Nursery
Post-emergence mortality and Pre-sow Fusarium levels
60
9000
Mortality
50
8000
Fusarium
40
6000
5000
30
4000
20
3000
2000
10
1000
0
0
Fallow
Bassica + Sawdust
Fumigated
Brassica
Fusarium ppg
Percent Mortality
7000
Integrated Decay Management
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Interdisciplinary (Systems approach)
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Ecological basis
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Clear goals
Pest interactions
Plant Disease Triangle
Economic (or action) thresholds
Use a variety of tactics and treatments in
a coordinated approach

Prevention of pest problems
MANAGING TREE DECAY
AVOID
WOUNDING
CLEAR CUT HARVEST
PATHOGEN
ENVIRONMENT
SHORT ROTATIONS
HOST
Pest Interactions
Competing Vegetation (-)
Pine Tip Moths (+)
Fusiform Rust (+)
Pitch Canker(+)
PATHOGEN
ENVIRONMENT
STRATEGIES AND TOOLS
HOST