CCNA Discovery Curriculum Review
Networking for Home and Small Businesses
Chapter 4:
Connecting to the Internet Through an ISP
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Disclaimer
This review is not a comprehensive learning model
of the curriculum!
It is intended for chapter pre-exam prep, or post exam
review.
Using this presentation as your sole source of teaching
or learning will not provide all the information you need to
be successful in the Cisco Networking Academy.
All materials, images, text, and content unless noted
remains the licensed property of the Cisco Networking
Academy.
Please report all errors as soon as possible to:
remeyers@mail.wvu.edu
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Objectives
 Explain “what is the Internet?” and how we connect to
the Internet using an ISP
 Explain how information is sent across the Internet
through an ISP.
 Describe and identify the components of an ISP
Network Operations Center.
 Identify the different types of cables and connectors for
connecting the devices in a Network Operations
Center.
 Construct and terminate twisted pair cables and
determine type of cable needed
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
ICG: Section 4.1
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
The Internet and How We Connect to It 4.1.1
The Internet is a network of networks that connects
users in every country in the world.
There are currently over one billion Internet users
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
The Internet and How We Connect to It 4.1.3
An ISP is a company that provides the connections
and support to access the Internet.
Point of Presence (POP) is the connection point
between the ISP's network to a local LAN
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
The Internet and How We Connect to It 4.1.3
Internet Backbone
Very high-speed data links that interconnect ISP POPs
and ISPs to each other.
These interconnections are part of the very large, high
capacity network
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
The Internet and How We Connect to It
Integrated Services Router
Router, switch, wireless access point in one package
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
The Internet and How We Connect to It 4.1.4
ISP Services
Home Service - slower connection speed, reduced web
space storage, and fewer email accounts.
Business Class Service - more expensive, provides
faster connection speeds, additional web space, and
additional e-mail accounts
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
The Internet and How We Connect to It 4.1.5
Asymmetric:
Most commonly used for the
home.
Download speeds are faster than
upload speeds.
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
ISP Levels of Service
Symmetric:
Commonly used for business
or individuals hosting servers
on the Internet.
It can carry large amounts of
data in both directions at
equal rates.
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
ICG: Section 4.2
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Sending Information Across the Internet 4.2.1
For hosts to communicate on the Internet, they
must be running Internet Protocol (IP) software
Network connection (wired or wireless)
IP Address
ISP connectivity
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Sending Information Across the Internet
The IP Packet
Has a header at the beginning containing the source and
destination IP addresses.
Also contains control information that describes the
packet to network devices, such as routers
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Sending Information Across the Internet 4.2.3
HOP
Each router a packet travels through from source
to destination.
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Sending Information Across the Internet 4.2.3
Traceroute
Traces the route from source to destination.
Displays each hop along the way and the time it takes for
each one
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
ICG: Section 4.3
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Sending Information Across the Internet
Internet cloud
Used to represent the Internet or any other complex
network, without showing the details of the connections.
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Sending Information Across the Internet 4.3.2
Routers are not the only devices found in the
Internet cloud
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RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Networking Devices in a NOC
Physical requirements of a home network versus
an ISP
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
ICG: Section 4.4
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Networking Devices in a NOC 4.4.1
There are two kinds of physical cable
Metal (copper) using electrical signals
Fiber using light signals.
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Networking Devices in a NOC 4.4.1 - 2
Twisted Pair
UTP most common in
homes and schools
All Categories of data
grade UTP cable are
terminated into an RJ-45
connector.
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Networking Devices in a NOC 4.4.1 - 2
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RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Types of Cables and Connectors Used in Networking
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RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
ICG: Section 4.5
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RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Working with Twisted Pair Cabling 4.5.1
Cabling standards ensure reliable data
transmissions
Cable lengths
Connector types
Pinouts
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Working with Twisted Pair Cabling 4.5.2
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RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Working with Twisted Pair Cabling 4.5.2,3
UTP Terminations
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RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Working with Twisted Pair Cabling 4.5.3
Patch panels and cables allow quick
rearrangement of network connections
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RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Construct and Terminate Twisted Pair Cables
Common Cable testing devices
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Working with Twisted Pair Cabling 4.5.3,6
UTP signal degradation cause by cable distance,
low quality cables, and poor terminations.
Attenuation – drop in signal strength over distance
Crosstalk – adjacent wire noise
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Working with Twisted Pair Cabling 4.5.4,6
Cable management
Prevents cable damage
Isolates problems
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Summary
The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks,
accessed through ISPs.
Internet Protocol (IP) controls the structure and addressing
of data packets for transport through the Internet cloud.
ISP Network Operations Centers (NOCs) utilize high-end,
high-speed devices with redundancy.
Home networks feature multi-function devices which
perform switching and routing.
Networks use physical cabling media which must conform to
standards in construction and termination.
Cabling best practices are designed to reduce attenuation
and crosstalk.
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
13 April 2015
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI