Lieutenant Colonel Noma Martini
ROTC Graduate UC Berkeley (1996)
18 Years of Service (Infantry / Aviator)
UH-60 Blackhawk Pilot
2x Deployments (Afghanistan / Iraq)
All men can see these tactics whereby I
conquer, but what none can see is the
strategy out of which victory is evolved.
- Sun Tzu
Agenda
• Center of Gravity Analysis
• Army’s New Training Model – Outcome Based
Training and Education
• Operational Environment Discussion - NINIWA
PROVINCE
Troop Leading Procedures
• Small Unit Leader’s
(Company Level and below)
• Decision Making Process
TLPs
1. Receive the Mission
2. Issue a Warning Order
3. Make a Tentative Plan
4. Initiate Movement
5. Conduct Reconnaissance
6. Complete the Plan
7. Issue the Operations Order
8. Supervise and Refine
METT-TC
• MISSION
• ENEMY
• TROOPS
• TERRAIN
• TIME
• CULTURE
Military Decision Making Process
• Staff Process to Advise the Commander
Battalion Level and Above
•Unemotional Analysis and Decision Making
The basic steps in the MDMP are:
1. Receipt of Mission
2. Mission Analysis
3. Course of action (COA) Development
4. COA Analysis (aka Wargaming)
5. COA Comparison
6. COA Approval
7. Orders Production
Center of Gravity Analysis to Develop a Strategy
• Critical Capabilities
• Critical Requirements
• Critical Vulnerabilities
What are our Nation’s CC, CR, CV?
• Technology
• Agriculture
• Natural Resources
• Values, Beliefs System
ENDs – Desired Outcome (Visualized, Defined and
Described)
WAYs – Method to Achieve the Desired Outcome.
MEANs – Resources / Enablers to support the
Method to Achieve the Desired Outcome
Mobility (ENDs) + Vehicle (WAYs) + Fuel (MEANs)
Strategy = ENDS + WAYS + MEANS
ENDS – Conquer Europe
WAY – Mass Attack
MEANS – Tank Warfare
Critical Requirement – Factories
Critical Vulnerabilities – Bearings
Strategy = ENDS + WAYS + MEANS
ENDS //– WAYS
WAYS
KillPublic
AsusMany
Americans
Influence
Opinion
ENDS
–– Send
Home
in Boxes as Possible
WAYS – IED
MEANS – Financier
MEANS – IED Material
MEANS – IED emplacer
MEANS – Detonation Device / Trigger
Strategy = ENDS + WAYS + MEANS
ENDS – Attack America
WAYS – Freedoms
MEANS – Fear / Security
ENDS – Assessment. Successful or Not?
The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting.
- Sun Tzu
Army’s New Training Model
OBT&E
Definitions
Tangible
Adjective- Perceptible by touch.
Noun- A thing that is perceptible by touch.
Synonyms- palpable - concrete - touchable - real tactile
Intangible
Adjective- Unable to be touched or grasped; not having
physical presence: "cyberspace or anything else so
intangible".
Noun- An intangible thing.
Synonyms- impalpable - untouchable
Desired Attributes in Subordinates
Confidence
Initiative
Accountability
Awareness
Judgment
Discipline
Loyalty
Adaptability
Resiliency
Compassion
Mastery of Basic Skills
Warrior Spirit
Moral & Ethical
Selfless Service
Problem-solving
Team Player
Able to Manage Stress
Retention
Thinking Skills
Motivated
Decision Maker
Fitness (Holistic)
Competent
Flexible
Self-learner / Self-starter
Understands the Situation
Resolute
Common (Good) Sense
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Outcome-Based Training & Education
Outcome-Based Training & Education (OBT&E) emphasizes the
development of the individual based on operational expectations, both
in regards to necessary tangible skills and desired intangible attributes,
in an environment of relatedness, resulting in Soldiers and leaders who
have learned to teach themselves, able to solve problems as individuals
and teams within a framework of knowledge and principles, and have
realize an increase in intangible attributes. In OBT&E, measures of
effectiveness are utilized to evaluate the achievement of desired
outcomes.
OBT&E is oriented towards creating adaptive forces able to deal with
the complex challenges of current and future combat, and civil and
humanitarian operations described in FM 3-0, Operations, and exist in
support of the “what” defined in FM 7.0, Training for Full Spectrum
Operations and the “how to” defined in FM 7-1, Battle Focused Training.
The overall goal of OBTE is to prepare Soldiers to function in
tomorrow’s operational environment.
To this end, Soldiers who have learned to teach themselves,
to solve problems within a framework of knowledge, realize
increased confidence, accountability, awareness, judgment
and initiative.
WHY
13 Years of constant war has created adaptive and
dynamic leaders that can not be replicated in a
peacetime environment.
Tenets or Doctrine of OBT&E:
• Emphasizes training and education (together termed as development) as a
leadership issue, i.e. effective mission accomplishment ultimately occurs from the
development of subordinates
• Emphasizes the creative nature of military operations
• Emphasizes Commander’s Intent rooted in Purpose and Vision that facilitates
Means (or Method)
• Emphasizes Safety as an individual responsibility that enhances training and
operations
• Emphasizes the risk associated to future military operations when development
does not occur
• Emphasizes the Effective utilization (from a developmental perspective) of fixed
resources
• Emphasizes assessment, judgment, decision and execution at all levels of authority
• Emphasizes the why over the must (219 instances of must in the current draft of
FM 7.0)
• Emphasizes scenario-based experience of problem solving over exhaustive task
list
• Emphasizes training Tangible Skills as venues for Intangible Development
• Emphasizes resources, good curriculum and aptitude/ability as enhancers, not
requirements
Principles of OBT&E:
Training to Grow Problem Solving: teach Soldiers to “learn for
themselves” the skills necessary to the success of their mission, within
an established framework of knowledge and principles
Training to Increase Intangibles: develop intangible attributes like
confidence, accountability, initiative, judgment and awareness; reinforce
positive character traits
Training to Increase Understanding and Awareness: teach through
contextual understanding of the task and its mission application
Training to Increase Deliberate Thought: condition Soldiers to exercise
always a deliberate thought process (assessment, judgment and
decision) while under controlled and increasing levels of stress
Training to Improve Combat Performance: condition Soldiers to
overcome the psychological and physiological effects, and the physical
requirements of combat
Threshold Training for the Individual or Unit
Threshold Training exists within a smaller scale of Order to Chaos
that moves on a larger scale of Simplicity to Complexity.
Targeted Realm of
Individual Struggle
Idealized
Realm of Training
Order
Destructive Impact
Chaos
Simplicity
Complexity
Negative Impact
Threshold of Failure
Where an individual or unit trains on the smaller scale, determines whether the
Threshold for Chaos (Failure) generally moves to the right on both scales, remains
stagnate or rescinds, such that rightward movement advances the Margin for
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Success (that which the individual or unit can affect) into higher levels of Complexity.
Operational Environment
Niniwa Discussion
Key Players
• Elected Iraqi Governor
• Iraqi Army
• Iraqi Police
• Kurdish Police
• Peshmerga Army
• Peshmerga Security Force
• PKK
• US Special Forces
• Other Gov’t Agencies
• Non Gov’t Agencies
• UN Inspectors
• Christians
• Shiites
• Sunnis
• US – Conventional Forces
Issues
• Kurdish Independence
• Land Rights (water/oil)
• Al Qaida Attacks (IA, IP, US)
• PKK Attacks
• Turkish Cross Border
• Iraqi Elections
• US Transition and Withdrawal
Lines of Effort (LOEs) or Lines of Operations (LOOs)
Support Host Nation Government
1
Promote Rule of Law and Support Host Nation
Security Forces (IA, IP, Pesh Army/Police)
2
Secure the Porous Borders with Syria, Turkey, and
Iran (Isolate population from foreign insurgents)
3
Set the Conditions to Transition
Transition Security to
4 Host Nation
5
Security to Host Nation
Key Players
• Elected Iraqi Governor
• Iraqi Army
• Iraqi Police
• Kurdish Police
• Peshmerga Army
• Peshmerga Security Force
• PKK
• US Special Forces
• Other Gov’t Agencies
• Non Gov’t Agencies
• UN Inspectors
• Christians
• Shiites
• Sunnis
• US – Conventional Forces
Issues
• Kurdish Independence
• Land Rights (water/oil)
• Al Qaida Attacks (IA, IP, US)
• PKK Attacks
• Turkish Cross Border
• Iraqi Elections
• US Transition and Withdrawal
STRATEGY = ENDS + WAYS + MEANS
Train, Teach, Coach and Mentor Creative Thinkers.
Need Tomorrow’s Problems Solvers, Today!
• 2,3 year Scholarships
• Active Duty and Part-Time Service Options
• Immediate Job Placement Upon Graduating
• Great Community of People to Work With.
• Some Really Cool Jobs Opportunities