Bangkok Office
Asia and Pacific Regional
Bureau for Education
United Nations
Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization
Drivers of Change and Shifting Trends in Education in Southeast Asia
Society and Culture
Ushio Miura
Programme Specialist,
Education Policy and Reform Unit,
UNESCO Bangkok
SEAMEO Consultation and Workshop on Post-2015 Education Scenarios
and Post-EFA Education Agenda in Southeast Asia
28-30 January 2014, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Some Milestones So Far
Asia-Pacific
Expert
Meeting
Towards EFA
2015 and
Beyond
Shaping a New
Vision for
Education
Asia-Pacific
Expert
Meeting
Beyond 2015
Rethinking
Learning in a
Changing
World
Asia-Pacific
Consultation
on Education
Global
Consultation
on
Education
Asia-Pacific
Expert
Meeting
Beyond 2015
Transforming
Teaching and
Learning
UNESCO
General
Conference
May June July
May 2012
November
2012
February March
2013
HighLevel
Panel
Report
October November
SDSN
Report
UN
SecretaryGeneral’s
Report
The World We Want global consultations
Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals
• Diversity
• Change
Language Diversity
Country
Number of Languages
Brunei Darussalam
15
Cambodia
24
Indonesia
719
Lao PDR
86
Malaysia
140
Myanmar
117
Philippines
185
Singapore
24
Thailand
76
Timor-Leste
20
Vietnam
110
Source : SIL International(2003), Available at http://www.ethnologue.com/world-region/south-eastern-asia
Mobility & Migration
<Origin and destination of international migrants, circa 2000>
Source: IOM (2012) ‘Global estimates and trends’, Facts and figures. Available at: http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/about-migration/factsand-figures/lang/en; UNDP (2009) Human Development Report 2009 – Overcoming barriers: Human Mobility and development.
Demographic Changes
Population Projections (absolute numbers), 1950-2100
Source: UN-DESA Population Division (2011)
Demographic Changes (0-14)
60
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
50
40
30
10
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
0
Timor-Leste
Viet Nam
20
(%)
1990
1995
2000
2005
2011 (Year)
Source: UN ESCAP (2011), Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific Available at www.unescap.org/stat/datat/syb2012.
Implications for Education
Emerging trends
The need for
• Rapid, dynamic economic growth
• More middle and high-income
countries
• Regional integration (e.g. ASEAN
Economic Community)
• Technological advances
• Changing economic and labour
structures
• Shifting geo-politics
• Changing population dynamics
• Pressures on natural resources
• Environmental degradation and
disasters
• Conflicts
• Education systems to adapt
• ‘Transversal’ and 21st century
skills
• Lifelong learning to support
learners to continue to explore
and master new skills throughout
life
• Training also for non-existing jobs
• Preparing students for migration
• Learning beyond the classroom
e.g. via ICTs
• Various pathways to learning
• Leveraging cultures, value systems,
languages and traditions
Shifts in approaches to teaching and
learning in Asia-Pacific
• From teacher-centred approaches to learner-centred
approaches.
• From examination oriented teaching and learning to whole
person development.
• From textbook dominated classrooms to multimedia/source/method learning environment.
• From subject-based knowledge only to the inclusion of skills
for life and lifelong learning.
• From national relevance only to local and global relevance
also.
From uniformity to diversity.
Regional High-Level Expert Meeting Beyond 2015: Transforming Teaching and Learning in the Asia-Pacific Region Outcome
Statement,
http://www.unescobkk.org/fileadmin/user_upload/epr/ERF/Conference_docs/Expert_Meeting_Oct_2013/Outcome_state
Asia and the Pacific
Regional Consultation on Education in the Post2015 Development Agenda
Key Messages
• Lifelong learning should be considered a key, guiding
principle.
• Equitable and inclusive access to quality learning
should be ensured for all at all levels.
• Education systems should enable all children, young
people and adults to participate actively and
responsibly in their communities and in the
interconnected and globalizing world.
UNESCO General Conference on
Education Post-2015
Key Concepts
•
•
•
•
Access
Equity
Quality
Lifelong Learning
Global Citizenship Education
“Global citizenship education aims to empower learners to
engage and assume active roles both locally and globally to face
and resolve global challenges and ultimately to become proactive
contributors to a more just, peaceful, tolerant, inclusive, secure
and sustainable world.”
Global Citizenship Education: An Emerging Perspective
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002241/224115E.pdf
• UNESCO International Forum on Global Citizenship
Education: Preparing learners for the challenges of the
21st Century, Bangkok, 2-4 Dec. 2013
• Cross-country study analyzing how countries in the AsiaPacific region are promoting the concepts of peace and
diversity through their education systems, 2014
Education for
Sustainable Development
World Conference on
Education for Sustainable
Development
Aichi-Nagoya, Japan, 10-12
November 2014
Stakeholder Meetings
Okayama, Japan, 4-8 November 2014
UNertia campaign
http://joinunertia.org/
http://www.unesco.org/new/en/une
sco-world-conference-on-esd-2014/
Transversal Competencies/
21st Century Skills
• Research into integrating transversal competencies in education
policy and practice
(http://www.unescobkk.org/education/epr/epr-partnerships/erinet/eri-net-seminar-2013-oct/)
• Regional/comparative research study on assessment of transversal
competencies
• Policy workshop on good practices in assessment of transferable
skills in TVET with SEAMEO VOCTECH, March 2014 (tentatively)
Inclusive Education
http://www.unescobkk.org/education
/inclusive-education/resources/ilfetoolkit/
http://www.unescobkk.org/resources/
elibrary/publications/article/promotinginclusive-teacher-education/
Multilingual Education
International Conference on Language and
Education: Multilingual Education for All in Asia
and the Pacific, Bangkok, 6-8 Nov 2013
http://www.lc.mahidol.ac.th/mleconf2013/program.htm
International
Mother Language
Day
21 February 2014
Why Language
Matters
http://www.unescobkk.org/
resources/elibrary/publications/article/
why-language-matters-forthe-millenniumdevelopment-goals-1/
Flexible Learning Strategies
http://www.unescobkk.org/resources/elibrary/publications/article/flexiblelearning-strategies-for-out-of-schoolchildren-and-youth-brochure
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/
002233/223325E.pdf