Educational Theory and Teaching
Dom Booth
Rick Tranter
December 2011
SIX CATEGORIES OF INTERVENTION
· Prescriptive · Informative · Confronting -
· Cathartic · Catalytic -
· Supportive -
Give advice or instruction—directive
Explaining and giving information
Giving feedback to the registrar on their
behaviour or attitude, in order to help
them see what is happening
Helping the registrar release their
emotions
Encouraging the registrar to explore their
own feelings and reason for behaviour
Encouraging the registrar’s self worth by
giving approval
Teaching Styles
Authoritarian
Socratic
Heuristic
Counselling
Mismatch of teaching style/Learning stage
(Grow)
S4:
Self-Directed Learner
S3:
Involved
Learner
S2:
Interested
Learner
S1:
Dependent Learner
Severe
Mismatch
Students resent
authoritarian teacher
Mismatch
Near Match
Match
Mismatch
Near Match
Match
Near Match
Near Match
Match
Near Match
Mismatch
Mismatch
Severe
Mismatch
Students resent
freedom they are not
ready for
Match
T1:
Authority
Expert
Near Match
T2:
Salesperson,
Motivator
T3:
Facilitator
T4:
Delegator
Miller’s pyramid
WPBA
Does
CSA
Action
Performance
Shows How
CSA
Knows How
AKT
Competence
Knowledge
Knows
Steinert 2008:BMJ 336, 150-153
Where does the
problem lie?
Unsupportive
Overly critical
Unreasonable expectations
Disinterested
Non challenging
Failure to meet learner’s needs
Knowledge
Skills
Attitudes
Learner
Teacher
Work
(e.g. workload, unsupportive staff)
Social
(e.g. marital, financial)
Personal
(e.g. substance abuse, illness)
Training
(e.g. unsupportive VTS, lack of guidance)
Environment
Types of Memory (VAK)
Visual; Visual learners find it easier to take in new
information through pictures,
diagrams, charts, films, etc.
Auditory; Verbal learners find it easier to take in new
information through the spoken
word
Kinaesthetic; Kinaesthetic learners find it easier to
take in new information through
copying demonstrations and getting physically
involved
Paralinguistics
To see how paralinguistic features work, try saying this
sentence,
‘She says she’s been in
agony for three hours’ in four different ways:
As a straight statement
As a question
Indicating that you don’t believe her
Indicating that you are shocked that this has been
allowed to happen
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
SCHON'S THEORY OF
REFLECTION
Knowing in action
Reflection in action
Reflection on action
Schon. ‘The Reflective Practitioner’
The Johari Window
The old feedback sandwich
Praise
Criticism
Praise
The new feedback sandwich
Ask
Tell
Ask
Providing Challenge
Challenge v Support
Optimal Growth
Vroom’s Expectancy theory
AAP Theory
McLelland and Winteer 1969
Achievement
Affiliation
Power