Geoffrey Bles, 1933 Historical Background First Christian book Only prose allegory Written in two weeks! John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress Key: Desire Lots of foreign language quotations John = Everyman Some important notes from Kathryn Lindskoog The Pilgrim’s Travels West Running away from God Running toward Joy (the Island) Reason Mother Kirk (church) Hermit (History) The Jewish Law The Pilgrim’s Travels North—Arid Rationalism Ignorantia—Knowledge (Kant) Mr. Enlightenment—Atheism, Naturalism (Claptrap) Virtue—Natural Human Conscience, Self-Reliance Technology (Gus Halfways) Linguistic Philosophy Sigmund Freud (Sigismund) Spirit of the Age (Reductionism, called theism wishful thinking) Bulverism Mr. Sensible Counter-Romanticism (Mr. Neo-Classical or agnosticism, Humanism, Mr. Angular [T. S. Eliot], Mr. Neo-Angular or intellectual Christianity) Fascism and Communism (Marx) Rigidity, Greed, Coldness The Pilgrim’s Travels South—Sentimentalism The Arts (Media Halfways, Dadaism) Poetry (Mr. Halfways, Eschropolis, Edith Sitwell as Victoriana) Thrill—Beautiful Literature Luxuria—Sexual Indulgence (D. H. Lawrence) Drug-induced Mysticism Witchcraft Romanticism (including love of Nature) Mr. Broad (the Liberal Church) Idealism Magic (Anthroposophy and Rudolph Steiner) Intoxication