th


Had been run by Brits for
200+ years
–100,000 Brits controlled
450 million
Indians!


British East
India Company saw India as money maker
–Indian
Textiles and
Spices


Medicine, transportation, communication education and democracy


Loss of culture, 30 million die from crop changes

Early Efforts at Independence

Sepoy Rebellion

Indian National
Congress
(1885) formed
Congress Party
–Muslim make
Muslim League in 1906


Civil
Disobedience

Hindu
Nationalist


Britain used
Indian Troops without seeking
Congress Party approval
–Fuels Separatist
Fires…

After the war, UK cost of empire too much…

Independence and Partitions

July 16, 1947

Two new states created, Hindu
India and Muslim
East and West
Pakistan
–Mass relocation through India…
–VIOLENCE


Over 1 million dead in ethnic cleansings

Jan. 30, 1948
Gandhi assassinated by
Hindu
Nationalist for supporting partition : (

The New Nations and Peace???

Jawaharlal
Nehru, a secular
Hindu, and
Mohammad Ali
Jinnah, a
Muslim, become the first leaders for each country

Walking Through Kashmir… DUCK!

Hindu governor brought Muslim population into
India at the partition.
–BOTH SIDES
WANT IT…WAR!
–Still at odds… and
NUCLEAR POWERS


To aid poor, Nehru turns to Socialism
–Economy weak, population on the rise…
–Tried to help lower castes and
Stressed industry
–Made movement to counter bipolar world


1966: Nehru’s daughter elected

Population growth hurting economy

Violent Sikh separatists attack
–6/84 -Raid on the
Golden Temple
–500 Dead

Another Dead Gandhi

Two Sikh bodyguards killed her in retaliation

Another Gandhi, er, Nehru

Rajiv Gandhi, son of
Indira, in power

Brings capitalism
(and corruption?)
–Bombed for economic changes
–Irony – these changes saved
India…

The Good, the Bad and the Ugly

World’s largest democracy

Excellent economic growth

Still split by ethnic and religious factions

Terrible poverty