CHAPTER 20
Nationalist Movements Around
the World
Section 1: The British Empire in
the Postwar Era
Section 2:
Turkey, Persia, and Africa
Section 3:
Unrest in China
Section 4:
Imperialism in Japan
Section 5:
Latin America Between
the Wars
SECTION 1
The British Empire in the
Postwar Era
Bell Ringer 20.1:
What was the British reaction to the Indian
independence movement’s policies of passive
resistance?
Passive Resistance
B_____________
N____________ of taxes
British Reaction
SECTION 1
The British Empire in the
Postwar Era
The world struggled to recover after WWI.
Just as the economies were beginning to
recover . . . the Great Depression struck.
In some European countries the economic turmoil helped cause
the rise of dictatorships.
In other parts of the world, revolutionary
movements took place.
SECTION 1
The British Empire in the
Postwar Era
“The sun never
sets on the
British Empire.”
After WWI,
many of the
British colonies
demanded
self-rule.
SECTION 1
The British Empire in the
Postwar Era
Egypt
1914 ~ the British declared Egypt a protectorate.
After WWI, a nationalist movement – the Wafd Party – developed
and led a popular revolt that was quickly put down.
SECTION 1
The British Empire in the
Postwar Era
In 1922, the British declared Egypt independent . . . But would leave
military forces there to defend Egypt and protect the Suez Canal.
SECTION 1
The British Empire in the
Postwar Era
In the 1920s and 1930s, the
Egyptian nationalists wanted
complete independence.
1936 ~ Anglo-Egyptian Treaty
British troops would remain
in Egypt.
SECTION 1
The British Empire in the
Postwar Era
The Middle East
SECTION 1
The British Empire in the
Postwar Era
Middle Eastern Arabs had
helped the British in WWI
against the Ottoman Empire.
But the British and French
imposed control over the area
after the war.
SECTION 1
The British Empire in the
Postwar Era
Eventually the British would
recognize the independence of both
Transjordan and Iraq . . . But they
would maintain a strong military
presence in both.
The British would keep
complete control over
Palestine.
SECTION 1
The British Empire in the
Postwar Era
Since the late 1800s, Jews from
Europe had been establishing
small colonies in Palestine.
Zionism ~ nationalist movement
to build homeland for Jews.
Balfour Declaration
SECTION 1
The British Empire in the
Postwar Era
The British had also promised
the creation of an independent
Arab state that included parts of
Palestine.
Both Jews and Arabs expected the
British to make good on its promises.
Tensions rose between the two groups.
In 1937 the British declared that a Zionist homeland and an Arab state
was incompatible. It recommended dividing the land between the two.
SECTION 1
The British Empire in the
Postwar Era
India
In return for Indian troops and money
during WWI, Britain had promised
India more self-government.
The British were divided on the issue …
but so were the Indians.
But any settlement would HAVE to
accommodate the diverse groups.
SECTION 1
The British Empire in the
Postwar Era
Mohandas Gandhi
Leader of the Indian nationalist movement
…opposed violence in any form.
… urged people to gain independence by
nonviolently refusing to cooperate with the
gov’t
Civil disobedience ~ passive resistance
How do you do this?
SECTION 1
The British Empire in the
Postwar Era
SECTION 1
The British Empire in the
Postwar Era
1935 ~ the British allowed India to elect
representatives …
But full independence was not to be.
SECTION 1
The British Empire in the
Postwar Era
QUIZ TIME!