Ecosystems and Biomes Lesson 1 Cycles in Ecosystem Water cycle- continuous movement of water between Earth’s surface and the air, changing from liquid to gas to liquid Evaporation- is the changing of a liquid into a gas condensation-changing of a gas into a liquid Precipitation- is any form of water that falls from the atmosphere and reaches the ground, such as rain, sleet, snow, or hail Runoff- precipitation that flows across the land’s surface and is not absorbed will flow into rivers, lakes, and streams Water Cycle Lesson 1 Continued Carbon cycle-the continuous exchange of carbon among livings things Nitrogen cycle- the continuous trapping of nitrogen gas into compounds into soil and its return to the air Lesson 2 Changes in Ecosystems Extinct species-when the last member of a species dies Endangered species- when a species is in danger of becoming extinct Threatened species-species with low numbers that could become endangered Quagga: half zebra, half horse (extinct since 1883) EXTINCT SPECIES Thylacine: the Tasmanian Tiger (extinct since 1936) Tyrannosaurus Rex (extinct 65 million years ago) ENDANGERED SPECIES THREATENED SPECIES Continued Lesson 2 Pioneer community- along with microorganisms, the pioneer species make up this community. The first living community in an otherwise lifeless area ( for examplelichens and mosses) Climax community- is the final stage of succession (trees) Primary Succession- a community where few, if any, living things exist, or where earlier communities were wiped out Pioneer community Intermediate Community Climax Community Lesson 2 continued… Secondary succession- is the beginning of a new community where a community had already existed Lesson 3: 6 major land biomes Desert Tundra Taiga Tropical Rain Forest Grasslands Biome- is one of Earth’s major land ecosystems with its own characteristic animals, plants, soil, and climate Deciduous Forest Global Biomes Lesson 3: Biomes continued… Desert- a sandy, rocky biome, with little precipitation and little plant life, the main characteristic of a desert is lack of water *Desert animals: kangaroos rats, lizards, and other reptiles Tundra- a large treeless biome where the ground is frozen all year *Tundra animals: caribou, polar bears, musk ox, arctic hares, and foxes lizard Arctic hare Lesson 3 continued… Taiga- a cool forest biome of conifers found in the northern regions *taiga animals: snowshoe rabbit and wolverines Grassland-a biome where grasses, not trees, are the main plant life, prairies are one kind of grassland. The African grassland is called the savanna. *grassland animals: insects, toads, worms, mice, and prairie dogs Wolverine Prairie dogs Lesson 3 Continued… Rain forest- a hot, humid biome near the equator, with heavy rainfall and a wide variety of life • Rainforest animals- insects, frogs, monkeys, bats, snakes • Deciduous Forest- a forest biome with four distinct seasons and deciduous tress • Deciduous animals- birds, squirrels, rabbits, raccoons, skunks, owls squirrel Monkey Lesson 4: Water Ecosystems Organisms in the water are divided into three main categories; plankton, nekton, and benthos nekton-an organisms that live in the water, nekton is the second group which includes the larger, active swimmers in a body of water. Fish, turtles, and whales are nekton. Lesson 4 continued… bathyal zone: home to large consumers like sharks and squid abyssal zone: dark and cold because the sunlight is completely blocked Lesson 4 continued Ocean Ecosystem Zones: intertidal zone: shallowest part of the ocean ecosystem neritic zone: zone after intertidal-algae and kelp grow here Lesson 4 continued… estuary- the boundary where the fresh water feeds into the salt water