Sponges and Cnidarian
Review
Sponges
• Which Phylum do Sponges belong to?
– Porifera
• What does Porifera mean?
– Pore-bearing
• For many years sponges were classed as
plants. Why?
http://www.mbgnet.net/salt/animals/1sponge.jpg
Sponges
• Why are Sponges now classified as
animals?
– They do not produce their own food!
• Do sponges have tissues or organs?
– NO!
• Which type of symmetry do they have?
– Radial
http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSsGkbJ53YremLOURV1PY9CEk5jw7QaW3OeCyyggIGCuRO
9LmXiYAx4KbyLEw
Sponges
• How do sponges get their food?
– Extract it from water as it flows through the sponge
• What are the openings known as that the water
can flow through?
– Pores
• Which cells use their tails to remove food from
the water?
– Collar cells
Sponges
• What is the name for the large opening at
the top of the sponge where the waste and
new sponges exit?
– Osculum
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/invertebrates/sponge/spongex.GIF
Sponges
http://api.ning.com/files/tvuiNan6mLB7oYWJb1zhJzEELHxcPKfp5n7XAr3mDR1QT3MeVwv1KrmZKmGasj9cRIfmDWhgxjDTCMN4prd2B*n6Ru
sbQuKC/I1082sponge2.jpg
Sponges
• What gives the sponge support?
– Spicules or the spikes
• How do they reproduce?
– Sexual reproduction
– Asexual reproduction
• Do their “young” stay next to them?
– No
http://www.microlabgallery.com/gallery/images/SpongeSpicules.jpg
Sponges
• What is the advantage of having their
young swim away?
– They will not be competing for resources with
them
• Facts!
• Sponges are sessile – fused to the ground
• Larval stage is free swimming
• Radial symmetry helps them detect things
all around themselves
http://reefguide.org/pix/thumb2/orangeballsponge1.jpg
http://reefguide.org/pix/pinklumpysponge1.jpg
Cnidarians
• Includes jellyfish, coral, and sea
anemones
• How do they move?
– Slow swimming or don’t move at all
• Do they chase their prey?
– No, they move slowly they eat what they
“bump” into
http://www.biologyeducation.net/wp-content/uploads/101.jpg
Cnidarians
• What do their use to kill or stun their prey?
– Stinging cells
– Cnidocytes – cell name
– Nematocysts – harpoon like structure that
they fire once to stun the prey
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/lj8m4KSwTaY/TZ4vlIMzTBI/AAAAAAAAAXg/TlkHD1W2vI8/s1600/portuguese_man_o_war.jpg
Cnidarians
http://www.aloha.com/~lifeguards/portjell.gif
Cnidarians
http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRFweStzZ-m_kRtcMFo3-BMhyr9OknogFDXvjTBha6q1RzQrMDBODCfmQRA
http://www.tampabay.com/multimedia/archive/00024/a4s_manowar052308a_24572c.jpg
Cnidarians – Sea Anemone
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_fU7LdRkUMVM/TToEo0hGQxI/AAAAAAAADrM/5rKEwTwZyXM/s1600/Sea-Anemone.jpg
Cnidarians - Coral
http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/About/General/2011/2/23/1298488013408/Coral-reef-near-Fiji-007.jpg
http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/39/72139-035-550475BC.jpg
Cnidarians
• What are the two body types that they can
have?
– Polyp (sessile) Asexual
– Medusa (swimming or free-floating)Sexual
Cnidarians
• What type of symmetry do they have?
– Radial
• They have a nerve net which they use to
detect and sense what is around them
• Where does the undigested food go?
– Back through their mouth because they have
only 1 opening.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CdPPhQ21pqo/TV9-yy7y3UI/AAAAAAAAAzw/ZKsbiXcmQ9w/s1600/800px-Clown_fish_swimming.jpg