Green Hotel Concepts
September 2010
Our Offices
Our Services
Benchmarking
Benchmarking & Monitoring
How much energy do hotels use?
• Hard to benchmark
• Different metrics
– Guestnights
– Area
• Serviced Area
• Gross Internal Area
(or Built Up Area)
• Total Area
(including balconies)
• Big variance
– Star Rating
– Climate
– Metrics used
Excludes
corridors,
plant
rooms,
etc
5 Star hotels & resorts in Abu Dhabi
Source: Energy Benchmarking study for Abu Dhabi
Hotel Sector by Elie Gerges El Choufani (2010).
Sponsored by Cundall.
Energy (kWh / m2 of serviced space)
4-5 stars
280 to 320kWh/m2
Serviced Area = 300 kWh/m2
Gross Int Area = 275 kWh/m2
3 stars
260 to 280kWh/m2
2 stars
240 to 270kWh/m2
www.benchmarkhotel.com
Hotel Energy - UK
• UK Display Energy Certificate
– 105kWh/m2 – electricity
– 330kWh/m2 – gas
– 435kWh/m2 – TYPICAL
4 hotels in 2008 DEC database
of 28,000 buildings
18000
16000
500
14000
400
12000
10000
300
8000
200
6000
4000
100
2000
0
0
4 star, Bristol
4 star, London
Elec
3 star, Manchester
Gas
Area
4 star, Sheffield
Gross Internal Area (m2)
Energy Consumption (kWh/m2 - GIA)
600
Green Guidelines for Hotels
Cundall Role:
• Green Building Guidelines
for Abu Dhabi Tourism
Authority (ADTA) for their
new and existing hotels.
• Our initial focus will be in the
areas of water, energy and
waste reduction for the
existing 113 hotels in Abu
Dhabi.
5 star hotels in Abu Dhabi
Gross Internal Area
= 567 per m2 of net lettable area
Hotel Energy - Asia
Typical Electricity Use in Hong Kong
Hotels
Lifts and
Escalators
8%
Others
19%
Lighting
19%
HVAC
54%
Water (m3 per guest night)
Waste (kg per guest night)
Reducing Energy & Carbon
Reducing energy in hotels
• People using buildings use energy
– Expectations
– Behaviour
• Passive design
• Where is energy consumed?
– Light
– Equipment
– Air
– Cooling
– Heating – space & water
• Renewables
Steps to low carbon design
On-site
renewables
Invest in off site renewables
Renewables
Off
site
Air to air, waste heat from chillers
Aquifer Thermal Storage
Internal Loads
Passive Design
Design Criteria & Expectations
Reducing energy consumption
Heat Recovery
Energy Efficiency
biomass, solar, wind, micro-hydro
Gas CHP, geothermal
Heating, cooling & ventilation systems
Control strategy
Lighting & Equipment (W/m2)
Controls – turn off
Form: daylight & natural ventilation
Fabric: insulation, facade, thermal mass
Comfort criteria, lighting levels,
fresh air quantity, shower flows
Thermal Comfort is 21 to 24ºC ?
Air Temperature & Humidity – only part of the issue
© CJP 2005
Activity:
Radiant Temp:
Clothing:
Air Speed:
Strenuous
Sitting
Direct Sun
Warm clothing
Still Air
Shade
Light Clothing
Pleasant breeze
Comfort criteria = natural ventilation or air conditioning!
Facade influences energy
Light
Equipment
Air
Cooling
Heating
PassivHaus – minimise heating
• Thermos Flask Building
– Super insulation
– Airtight
• Winter heating
– Mechanical vent with heat
recovery
– Tiny heating system
• Summer cooling
– Open the windows
• Expensive but effective
PassivHaus
Uwindows = 0.8
Uwalls = 0.1
Uroof = 0.1
Permeability = 0.05ach
Secure Natural Ventilation
Double Glazing with
Interstitial blind.
Window is
openable.
Ventilation panel
allows secure, bug
free ventilation.
Example window system – Scandic Hotel, Sweden
High Tech Cooling: Ceiling Fans?
Green Hotel Concept
Hotel Room Concept
Low Energy: Comfort + Air
Quality
100% outside air heat recovery unit
with heating coil
No mechanical cooling
Thermal mass to moderate
temperatures
Ceiling fan for improved summer
comfort
Passive Design
Shading to suit orientation
Openable window
Highly insulated & sealed facade
• Uwalls
= 0.22
• Uwindow
= 1.8
• Air Tightness = 4m3/hr
Variation (modular bathroom pod)
Fresh Air
Supply could
be tempered
in peak
summer
conditions
Heating Hot Water
Domestic Hot Water
Potable Water
Toilet Exhaust
Riser
Heating Coil
Fresh Air
Supply
Fan & HEX
Electrical Supply
Data
Comms
CORRIDOR
All Connections to
POD (corridor, riser
& room) are plug in
Bathroom
Exhaust
RISER
Heating Hot
Water circuit
could supply
chilled water
for cooling.
BATHROOM POD
Sewage
Heated
Towel
Rail
Supply Air &
Heating
Ceiling Conduit
Light, Ceiling
Fan & Fire
Control Panel
on face of pod
BEDROOM
Skirting Conduit
Light, Power & Comms
LEDs are improving
LED linear replacement lamps available today do not compete with linear T8
fluorescent lamps on the basis of light output, colour quality, distribution, lumen
maintenance, or cost-effectiveness. Source: US Dept of Energy (2010)
Which controls would you prefer?
Simple?
Complicated?
OFF
Warmer
Cooling
Fresh Air
Only
Cooler
Heating
Reduce hot water use
Hot water = 25%+ of hotel
energy consumption
Reduce water use:
• 8l/min showers
• 4l/min taps
Hoxton Hotel, London
Interesting towel
sign
(heavy) rain shower
Guest education is important
Notice in bedroom – Scandic Hotel, Sweden
Renewables
Renewable Heat
Solar Hot Water
Biomass
Boiler
Heat Pump
(air or ground source)
Solar Hot Water
Hampton by Hilton, Brasov
Vatra Dornei Hotel
Ground Source Heat Pump plus Biomass Boiler
(+ Solar Thermal for DHW & swimming pool)
Renewable Electricity
Photovoltaic
Panels
Wind
Turbines
Biofuel Combined Heat
& Power (CHP)
Steps to low carbon design
On-site
renewables
Invest in off site renewables
Renewables
Off
site
Air to air, waste heat from chillers
Aquifer Thermal Storage
Internal Loads
Passive Design
Design Criteria & Expectations
Reducing energy consumption
Heat Recovery
Energy Efficiency
biomass, solar, wind, micro-hydro
Gas CHP, geothermal
Heating, cooling & ventilation systems
Control strategy
Lighting & Equipment (W/m2)
Controls – turn off
Form: daylight & natural ventilation
Fabric: insulation, facade, thermal mass
Comfort criteria, lighting levels,
fresh air quantity, shower flows
18-20 Louis Blanc
Ground Floor
Sector 1, 011752
Bucharest
Tel. +40 21 208 02 30
Str. I.P Voitesti nr 1-3/ 54
400153
Cluj Napoca
Tel. +40 264534240
David Clark
d.clark@cundall.com