Welcome to AUXSEA
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House Keeping Items
AUXOP Introduction
Course format
Recording and Posting of Presentation
Questions before we begin?
Introduction
• The term SEAMANSHIP literally encompasses the entire subject of
boating.
• Reference text: any version of “Chapman’s Seamanship”.
• Text: P16794.41 115 Apr 1992
• Final examination based on study questions at end of each chapter
in study guide.
TERMINOLOGY
bow/forward
cleat
starboard
port
gunwale
Stern/aft
transom
TERMINOLOGY
• BOW: The most foward portion of the main hull
(the “pointy end”).
• FOWARD: Towards (in the direction of) the Bow.
• AHEAD: Hull motion relative to the bow.
• STERN: Aftermost portion of the main hull; the
back end of the vessel (the BLUNT end),
TERMINOLOGY
• AFT: In the direction of the stern; towards the
back end of the boat.
• ASTERN: Direction of hull motion relative to the
stern; backing motion relative to the bow.
• SIDES: Looking towards the bow, from the stern
(on either side of the keel):
Side to your right is STARBOARD.
Side to your left is PORT
TERMINOLOGY
•
BEAM: The widest point of the hull, gunwale to gunwale.
• ATHWARTSHIP: Any measurement made from one side
of the hull to the other at 90 degrees to the keel.
• SHEER: The curve or sweep of the deck, from bow to
stern, of a vessel when viewed from the side
• FLARE: The outward curvature of the sides of the boat
near the bow (looking head-on), which helps to keep the
vessel’s decks drier.
TERMINOLOGY
• Sheer
• Flare
HULL BOTTOMS
flat bottom
vee bottom
round bottom
multi-hull
Hull Types
• Displacement - Displacement
of water = weight of boat
– Sailboats, trawlers
• Planing
– Rise over bow wave and glide on
water
– High speed
– PWC, runabouts, small cruisers
• Combination
– Semi-displacement hulls
Cabin Types
TRUNK : Does not extend fully from gunwale to gunwale;
has walking space on both sides
Cabin Types
RAISED DECK: Does extend all the way, from gunwale to
gunwale; NO walking space on either side.
OTHER BOATING TERMS
• KEELSON: A timber ( can also be of metal) fastened
along the top of the keel, inside of the hull.
• LIMBER HOLES: Passages cut into the area next to the
keel to allow water to properly flow to it’s lowest point, to
be pumped out.
• KING POST: The spoke of a steering wheel that is
vertical when the rudder is exactly centered along the
keel.
• THWART: A transverse seat generally in a rowing craft.
OTHER BOATING TERMS
• BOOT TOP: The general area of the
exterior hull at the waterline.
• THWART STANCHION: A vertical support
(stanchion) for a transverse seat (thwart).
Motions
•
PITCH: The “UP” and “DOWN” vertical motion of the bow as the boat rotates around
it’s lateral axis.
•
ROLL: The gunwale–to - gunwale motion of the hull as it rotates around it’s
longitudinal axis.
•
YAW: The swinging motion of the bow from side to side, as the hull rotates around it’s
vertical axis.
•
BROACH: Veer and pitch forward because of bad steering or a sea hitting the stern,
causing it to present a side to the wind and sea, losing steerage, and possibly suffer
serious damage
•
CAPSIZING: Vessel rolls over bottom up; difficult or impossible recovery.
•
PITCHPOLING: Commonly following a BROACH and loss of directional control. Bow
plunges deep; turns sharply to one side; vessel rolls and capsizes. Violent potentially
lethal maneuver.
SAILBOAT CONFIGURATION
• IDENTIFICATION DEPENDS UPON THE
NUMBER OF MASTS AND SAILS AND
WHERE PLACED.
Catboat
Ketch
Yawl
Sloop
CATBOAT CONFIGURATION
Mainsail
CATBOAT:
Single mast; One mainsail Marconi or Gaff
SLOOP CONFIGURATION
Mainsail
Jib
SLOOP: Single mast; mainsail and jib.
KETCH CONFIGURATION
STEERING STATION
Two masts; smaller aft; after mast ahead of
steering station
YAWL CONFIGURATION
STEERING STATION
Two masts; smaller BEHIND the steering station
SCHOONER CONFIGURATION
MAIN
Foremast
SCHOONER: At least two masts; Main is aft and taller.
Foremast is foward. May carry many sails.
BOAT BUILDING MATERIALS
Five (5) materials considered
• FIBERGLASS
• WOOD
• STEEL
• ALUMINUM
• FABRIC
FIBERGLASS
• STRANDS OF GLASS, SATURATED WITH RESIN and allowed TO
PROPERLY DRY AND CURE
Chopped Strands
FIBERGLASS
• MOST POPULAR building material
• REASON FOR PRIMARY CHOICE:
EASE OF MAINTENANCE
TERMINOLOGY
A fiberglass hull is composed of matting, roving, cloth
and strands of fiberglass saturated with plastic resin(s);
very similar to steel-reinforced concrete.
ADVANTAGES OF FIBERGLASS
IMPERVIOUS TO MARINE ANIMALS, WORMS / BORERS
(NOT GROWTH.)
1. NO DRY ROT
2. FEW OR NO SEAMS / JOINTS
3. NO LEAKS FROM SEAMS / JOINTS
4. COLOR MOLDED IN
5. STRONG
6. MOLD INTO ALMOST ANY SHAPE
7. LOW MAINTENANCE
Disadvantages Of Fiberglass
1. HEAVIER THAN WATER: READILY SINKS
2. EASIER TO COVER UP SHODDY
WORKMANSHIP
TWO KINDS OF RESINS
1. POLYESTER:
VERSATILE
EASY TO WORK WITH/ HANDLE
INEXPENSIVE
2. EPOXIES:
STRONGER
MORE EXPENSIVE
MORE DIFFICULT TO WORK WITH.
RESIN ADDITIVES
1. Hardeners: HARDEN THE RESIN
2. Driers: CONTROL THE CURING TIME
3. Fire Suppressants: MAKE THE RESIN FIRE
RETARDANT
4. ALL RESINS: EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE
MOLDS
MALE MOLD: PLUG: Exact size, shape of object to mold
FEMALE MOLD: CAVITY MOLD
USED FOR HAND-LAYUP
CHOPPED STRAND
NOTE: Gel Coat applied first, to the inside of the female
mold.
BLOWGUN PROCESS: Fastest, smoothest results
MOLDS
MATCHED DIE: MALE / FEMALE MOLDS
CLAMPED TOGETHER
LAMINATE USED BETWEEN (SANDWICHED)
BALSA WOOD
FOAMED PLASTICS
PLYWOOD
WOOD
CONSIDERATION FOR USE
1. STRENGTH
2. AVAILABILITY
3. WORKABILITY
4. WATER ABSORPTION
5. LEAST NOISY
WOOD CONSTRUCTION
MORE DECAY RESISTANT:
HARD WOODS:
ASH, MAHOGANY, TEAK, OAK
LESS DECAY RESISTANT:
SOFTER WOODS:
CEDAR, FIR, PINE
WOOD DISADVANTAGES
1. NUMBER ONE: DRY ROT
2. HIGHLY SUCEPTIBLE TO: WORMS, BORERS
3. ABSORBS WATER
4. EASILY DAMAGED
STEEL CONSTRUCTION
DISADVANTAGES
1.QUICK DETERIORATION
2. CONSIDERABLE CONTINUOUS
MAINTENANCE
STEEL CONSTRUCTION
ADVANTAGES
1. STRONGEST STRENGTH – TO – WEIGHT RATIO
2. STIFF \ RESISTANT TO:
IMPACT – FATIGUE - ABRASION
3. LESS NOISY THAN ALL BUT WOOD
ALUMINUM CONSTRUCTION
ADVANTAGES
1. LIGHT WEIGHT
2. IMPERVIOUS TO MARINE ANIMALS
( NOT GROWTH )
3. FAIRLY EASY TO FORM
ALUMINUM CONSTRUCTION
DISADVANTAGES
1. SUSCEPTIBLE TO ELECTROLYSIS
2. HEAT CONDUCTOR
3. NOISY
4. EASY TO DAMAGE
STEERING SYSTEMS
Drum and Cable Steering
4/2010
Rack & Pinion
4/2010
REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 1
1. A sloop is a sailboat with _______
`
a. a single mast, with a mainsail and a jib
b. two masts, the aftermast being shorter
than the foreword mast.
c. a single mast rigged to hoist only one sail.
d. two or more masts; the aftermast taller than
the foreword mast.
REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 2
2. A fiberglass hull is constructed of strands
and layers of fiberglass ______________
a. bonded with hydraulic cement.
b. saturated with latex cement.
c. saturated with resin.
d. reinforced with steel mesh.
REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 3
3. On a strength-to-weight ratio, sheet steel
is_________________
a. stronger than fiberglass
b. equal to wood
c. weaker than aluminum
d. equal to fiberglass
REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 4
4. Steel boat hulls___________________
a. require considerable maintenance
b. require no protective painting for growths
c. have a higher strength-to-weight ratio than
wood and aluminum but not fiberglass.
d. are less noisy than all other boat building
materials.
REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 5
5. The simplest type of steering mechanism
for a boat is the____________________
a. rack and pinion
b. drum and cable
c. sprocket and chain
d. tiller
REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 6
6. Limber holes____________________
a. permit water to pass through a boat’s
frame.
b. provide finger holds for lifting
floor boards.
c. provide ventilation in holds.
d. are used to inspect the bilges.
REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 7
7. The curve or sweep of a vessel, as
viewed from the side is called the ______
a. freeboard
b boot top
c. sheer
d. tumble home
REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 8
8. The outward curvature of the sides of the
hull, near the bow, that is used to keep the
deck drier, is called the_________________
a. sheer
b. freeboard
c. trunk
d. flare
REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 9
9. The use of two or more different materials, when
constructing the hull, is called_____construction.
a. layered
b. multiple
c. composite
d. feathered
REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 10
10. The top advantage of a steel hull
is_______
a. it’s weight
b. it is quieter
c. it is easier to maintain
d. it is fire proof