2013 Western Mensurationists Meeting
Simulating Small Tree Height and
Diameter Growth of Catalpa bungei
Mingzhuo Hao
Contents
Introduction of Catalpa bungei
Research objectives
Simulation model framework
Analysis of site types
Analysis of climate zones
Testing of different Catalpa bungei clones
Running the model
Additional questions & possible future studies
Introduction
Catalpa bungei is a deciduous broad-leaf tree species in
China that is of considerable importance for cultural,
ornamental, and wood products purposes.
It was called “king of wood-production tree" in China
It had been cultivated more than 2000 years
North American species is Catalpa bignonioides Walt.
Distribution Map of Catalpa bungei
Some individual trees with high wood properties
Some stands
Totally left 232 old trees in China
1000 years old
1300 years old
Flower and Pod
Good adaptability
Seedlings grow very fast
High afforestation survival rate
Used in urban silviculture
projects
Research Objectives
For my test sites, how many site types can be recognized? For
each site type height and diameter growth curves for small trees
are required.
Based on my data and reference literature, how many climate
zones of Catalpa bungei should be recognized in China? What's
the growth difference between different zones?
Different clones grow differently. Comparing clones in terms of
height and diameter can be used to predict future yields.
Build a simulation model for growth & yield of Catalpa bungei.
Simulation model framework
STELLA 3 Dimensions model
Testing Location for Site & Clones
China
Nanjing
Shanghai
10 ha
14 plots
Experimental stand of Catalpa bungei
Analysis of site types
Legend
Code of site
Small trees
Location of
soil samples
N-S sectional view
C
ADF
BEG
Bird's-eye view
W-E sectional view
Soil properties of different site
含水量 (%)
25
20
15
10
5
0
A
B
C
D
E
F
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
G
140
120
100
速效钾含量 (g/kg)
土壤A层
土壤B层
全氮含量 (g/kg)
30
A
B
C
不同典型样地及土壤取样土层
D
E
F
80
60
40
20
0
G
A
不同典型样地
B
C
D
E
F
G
不同典型样地
Soil water
Nitrogen
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
A
B
C
D
E
不同典型样地及土壤取样土层
Soil weight
F
G
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
8
7
PH值
土壤A层
土壤B层
速效磷含量 (mg/kg)
土壤容重（g/cm3）
2.5
Kalium
A
B
C
D
E
不同典型样地
Phosphor
F
G
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
A
B
C
D
E
不同典型样地
pH value
F
G
Growth status of different Site types
Yuqiu1
Nanyang
6.0
6.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
DBH (cm)
Height (m)
Yuqiu1
Nanyang
7.0
3.0
2.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
A
B
C
D
E
Sites
Height
F
G
A
B
C
D
Sites
DBH
E
F
G
Site types cluster analysis
Cluster Analysis: 5 types, Very good to very poor
Analysis of climate zone
Based on 11 meteorological elements
Meteorological Data collected
annual average site barometric pressure
annual mean maximum temperature
annual mean minimum temperature
树高 hieght /m
annual average temperature
annual extreme maximum temperature
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
安徽 北京 甘肃 贵州 河北 河南 湖北 湖南 江苏 山东 山西 陕西 云南
分布省区 Province
annual rainfall
annual average wind speed
maximum wind speed
围径 Stem circumference /cm
annual extreme minimum temperature
annual average relative humidity
A
1200
B
1000
800
600
400
200
0
安徽 北京 甘肃 贵州 河北 河南 湖北 湖南 江苏 山东 山西 陕西 云南
annual sunshine time
分布省区 Province
Meteorological Data of the sites
Cluster Analysis: 4 types
Trend surface map of mature Catalpa
bungei trees in different areas
Height
Diameter
Growth equations of mature Catalpa
bungei trees in different areas
趋势面分析多元回归方程
Multiple regression equation
拟合
度
C/%
1: Y=31.1961+0.0603X1-0.5930X2
2: Y=-70.1442+3.5388X1-6.4668X2+0.0813X1X2-0.027X12-0.0507X22
19.0
20.5
围径
Stem
circumference
1:Y=1605.162-17.982X1+21.525X2
2: Y=4521.435-129.231X1+231.473X2+0.965X1X2+0.627X121.512X22
24.2
28.0
冠幅
Crown length
1: Y=26.1135-0.1692X1+0.1395X2
2: Y=-45.7592+0.8956X1+1.0199X2+0.0229X1X2-0.0082X120.0526X22
2.4
5.0
1: Y=6.3803+0.0571X1-0.2678X2
2: Y=-97.4092+3.2689X1-5.0905X2+0.0312X1X20.0185X12+0.0182X22
24.8
37.3
1: Y=2085.703-26.018X1+36.321X2
2: Y=-19775.633+153.538X1+803.96X2-6.29X1X2+0.052X12-0.807X22
19.0
29.2
生长性状
Attributes
树高
Height
枝下高
Clear bole height
树龄
Age of tree
F值
F
Value
13.86
5.91
18.85
8.93
1.32
1.08
10.41
7.13
13.85
9.48
P值
Pr>F
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.27
0.38
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
Gowth status of Catalpa bungei small trees
Gowth status of Catalpa bungei small trees
Growth curves of 7 clones of Catalpa bungei
7.00
12.00
11.00
6.00
10.00
9.00
7.00
DBH (cm)
Height (m)
8.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
5.00Yuqiu1
Yuqiu2
4.00Zhouqiu2
Zhouqiu3
3.00Guangyeqiu
Jinsiqiu
Nanyangqiu
2.00
Yuqiu1
Yuqiu2
Zhouqiu2
Zhouqiu3
Guangyeqiu
Jinsiqiu
Nanyangqiu
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
1
2
3
4
Tree age
6
Height
8
1
2
3
4
Tree age
6
DBH
8
DBH (m)
Gowth curves of Catalpa bungei trees
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
DBH = 4.1905Age - 2.0321
R 2 = 0.9991
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
Tree age
Height (m)
20
15
Height = 7.1116Ln(Age) + 3.3356
R 2 = 0.9754
10
5
0
4
8
12
16
20
Tree age
24
28
30
Guo
Congjian
(1991),
Henan
Province
Jinsiqiu
Demonstration of running model
Questions & Future Studies
The interplay between genetic makeup and
environment
Relationships between young and mature trees
Influence of treatment & density
Smart and powerful simulation models for Catalpa
bungei need more experimental data and possibly
interact with other spatial databases in a GIS
environment
THANKS FOR
YOUR ATTENTION !
My E-mail: mingzhuohao@gmail.com Supervisor: Peter Marshall