中國的小說文學 (一)
Chinese Novel Literature Part I
中國文學的演變
Evolution of Chinese Literature
•唐朝以後，「說話」的風氣逐漸盛行。到
了元朝，雜劇興盛。明朝則是中國小說最
興盛的朝代。
•After the Tang Dynasty, the culture of
"Storytelling" gradually prevailed. In the Yuan
Dynasty, drama flourished. Novels were most
popular in the Ming Dynasty.
中國四大小說
Four Most Famous Novels
•中國四大小說為：《三國演義》、《西遊
記》、《水滸傳》、《紅樓夢》。
•The four most famous novels are: Romance of
the Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West,
Outlaws of the Marsh, and A Dream of Red
Mansions.
三國演義
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
•《三國演義》描寫三國時代戰爭英雄的風
雲際會與鬥爭。
• “Romance of the Three Kingdoms” describes the
stories of the war heroes during the three
kingdoms era.
三國演義作者
Author
•《三國演義》為元朝末年時的羅貫中參照
陳壽的三國志，結合民間流傳的三國故事
而寫成。
• “Romance of the Three Kingdoms” was written by Lo
Kuan-chung of Yuan Dynasty, by compiling the
materials from “Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms”
written by Chen Shou, and folk stories about the Three
Kingdoms.
羅貫中
三國志通俗演義
故事內容大綱
Story Outline
•桃園三結義 Sworn in Peach Garden
•東漢末年，朝廷腐敗，百姓生活痛苦，爆
發了黃巾之亂。劉備、關羽、張飛三人桃
園結義討伐黃巾。
•At the end of Eastern Han Dynasty, the government was
corrupted and people lead miserable lives, so the Yellow
Turban Rebellion aroused. Liu Bei, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei
sworn in the peach garden to fight against the Yellow
Turbans.
董卓亂政
Dong Zhuo’s tyranny
•董卓廢漢少帝，立獻帝，橫行霸道，殘害
忠良。王允施美人計使董卓義子呂布因相
爭美女貂蟬殺了董卓。
•Dong Zhuo banished Han Shao Di and throne
Xian Di, tyrannized and hurt many good people.
Wang Yun caused Lu Bu to fight Dong Zhuo for
beauty Diao Chan and eventually Lu Bu killed
Dong Zhuo.
曹操崛起
Rise of Cao Cao
•曹操迎漢獻帝，「挾天子以令諸侯」，剿
滅他的對手呂布、張繡、袁術。並以寡敵
眾大敗袁紹，統一了北方。
•Cao Cao hosted Xian Di, used his orders to
destroy his opponents Lu Bu, Zhang Xiu, Yuan
Shu, then defeated Yuan Shao with fewer troops,
and unified the northern China.
劉備興起
Rise of Liu Bei
•劉備同朝廷大臣密謀除掉專權的曹操，不
料事情暴露，接連被曹操打敗，逃往荊州
投靠劉表，鎮守新野。劉備三顧茅廬，得
到足智多謀的諸葛亮輔佐。
• Liu Bei plotted with officers to get rid of the autocratic Cao Cao,
but the plot was exposed. Liu Bei was defeated by Cao Cao and
fled to Jingzhou to seek refuge with Liu Biao, and stationed at
Zingye. Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang 3 times and found his help.
赤壁之戰
Battle at Red Cliff
•曹操舉兵南征，諸葛亮前往江東說服孫權
結盟抗曹，劉備與孫權的聯軍於赤壁之戰
中大敗曹操，大獲全勝。
•Cao Cao crusaded south. Zhuge Liang went to
Jiangdong to convince Sun Quan to alliance
against Cao Cao. Liu Bei and Sun Quan defeated
Cao Cao's forces in the Battle at Red Cliff.
三國鼎立
The Three Kingdoms
•曹操子曹丕篡漢，改國號為魏。劉備在巴
蜀稱帝，國號仍為漢， 史稱蜀漢。孫權於
東吳稱帝，國號大吳。
•Cao Cao's son Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty, and
changed the name to Wei. Liu Bei throne in Sichuan,
still named the country Han, known as Shu Han. Sun
Quan also throne in Soochow, named the country Wu.
相爭荊州
Fight for Jingzhou
•孫權、劉備相爭荊州。關羽兵敗麥城被殺。
劉備起兵攻打東吳，被吳軍敗於白帝城，
臨終前託孤於諸葛亮。
•Sun Quan, Liu Bei fought for Jingzhou. Guan Yu
was defeated at Mai and killed. Liu Bei raised an
army to attack Wu, and defeated at Baidicheng.
At his deathbed he asked Zhuge Liang to help his
son.
七擒孟獲
Seven Times Captured Meng Huo
• 諸葛亮再度結盟東吳，一同抵抗曹魏。南
蠻王孟獲反叛，諸葛亮七擒七縱孟獲，使
孟獲深感懊悔，並決心永遠歸降蜀漢。
•Zhuge Liang once again alliance with Wu to fight
against Cao Wei. Southern barbarian king Meng Huo
rebelled. Zhuge Liang seven times captured Meng Huo,
Meng Huo was deeply remorseful and determined to
subordinate to Shu Han forever.
六出祁山
Six Crusades from Qishan
•為完成劉備匡復漢室的遺願，諸葛亮六出
祁山，討伐魏國，與魏將司馬懿僵持。最
終諸葛亮因過於操勞病倒，在五丈原病逝。
•To fulfill the last wish of Liu Bei to recover the Han
Dynasty, Zhuge Liang six times crusaded out of Qishan
against Wei, and fought with Sima Yi. Zhuge Liang
worked too hard and fell sick and died in Wuzhang
Yuan.
司馬氏篡魏
Sima usurped Wei
•司馬懿用計奪走魏兵權，其子司馬師、司
馬昭繼續掌握魏國大權。司馬昭之子司馬
炎篡位，改國號為晉，自立皇帝，魏國滅
亡。
•Sima Yi grabbed military power of Wei. His sons Sima
Shi, Sima Zhao continued to control Wei power. Sima
Yan, son of Sima Zhao, usurped the throne, changed the
name of country to Jin and Wei was ended.
三國歸晉
Unification of Jin
•蜀主劉禪昏庸，聽信讒言，導致蜀國大亂。魏將
鄧艾乘機發兵攻蜀，劉禪不戰而降，蜀漢滅亡。
晉將杜預進攻東吳，打敗吳軍。吳主孫皓投降，
吳國滅亡，西晉統一了全中國。
• Liu Shan king of Shu was stupid, listened to calumny, lead Shu
into chaos. Wei’s general Deng Ai took the opportunity to attack
Shu. Liu Shan surrendered and Shu perished. Jin’s general Du Yu
attacked and defeated Wu. Sun Hao king of Wu surrendered and
Wu ended, and the Western Jin Dynasty unified the whole China.
實用價值
Practical Value
•三國演義大量描寫人與人、國與國之間的
爾虞我詐，因此有人將三國演義當作治世
的兵書，商場競爭的寶典。
• “Romance of the Three Kingdoms” describes
tricky interactions between people and countries.
Many look at it as an art of war, and bible of
business competition.
實用價值
Practical Value
•古人有所謂：「老不看三國，少不看水滸」
的說法，凸顯了三國演義的謀略與其實用
價值。
•The ancient saying goes: “The old do not read
the three kingdoms, the young do not read the
Water Margin“. The statement highlights the
strategy and the practical value of the Three
Kingdoms.
文學價值
Literature Value
•《三國演義》是中國最早的歷史演義，其
最精采的地方在於成功塑造出不同的人物
形象與情節的安排。
•"Three Kingdoms" is China's first historical
romance. Its most exciting part is in successfully
shaping the arrangement of the different
characters and plot".
代表性的情節
Famous Scenes
•「赤壁之戰」，從諸葛亮舌戰群儒，到華
容道關公義釋曹操，結構緊密，環環相扣，
私毫無半點遲滯，是三國演義最具代表性
的劇情。
•"Battle of Red Cliff“ describes the arguments between
Zhuge Liang and Wu officers, and Guan released Cao
Cao at Huarong. The interlocking compact structure
without any retardation, is the most representative scene
of the book.
代表性的情節
Famous Scene
•「空城計」，因馬謖拒諫失街亭，致使司
馬懿之兵蜂擁而至，孔明不得已而大擺空
城計，描寫孔明的沈著冷靜與司馬懿的謹
慎多疑。
•"Empty City", describes Ma Su refused to admonish so
JieTing was lost, and Sima Yi soldiers flocked over and
Kong Ming was forced to put on a empty city. It
describes the calmness of Kong Ming and suspiciousness
of Sima Yi".
代表性的情節
Famous Scenes
•「桃園三結義」、「三英戰呂布」、「草船借
箭」、「孔明借東風」、「火燒赤壁」、「關公
五關斬六將」、以及「空城計」等，都是大家耳
熟能詳的故事。
• “Taoyuan trio”,”Three fight with Lu Bu“,”Borrow
Arrows with Thatched“,”Kong Ming borrows east
wind“,”Battle of Red Cliff“,”Guan Gong passes
five gates and kills six“, and ”empty city“, etc., are
all familiar stories.
問答Q&A
•哪個朝代是中國小說最興盛的朝代?
1. 漢朝 2. 唐朝 3. 宋朝 4.明朝
•Which dynasty is the most prosperous dynasty of
the Chinese novel?
問答Q&A
•《三國演義》是描寫哪個朝代的故事?
1. 春秋戰國時代 2. 三國時代 3. 唐朝4. 宋
朝
•Which dynasty did the stories described in
“Romamnce of Three Kingdoms” happen?
問答Q&A
•《三國演義》的作者 是誰?
1. 張衡 2. 蔡倫 3. 羅貫中 4. 陳壽
•Who was the author of “Romamnce of Three
Kingdoms” ?
問答Q&A
• 劉備三顧茅廬是為得到誰的輔佐?
1. 諸葛亮2. 孫權 3. 曹操4. 關羽
• Whose assistance was Liu Bei seeking when he
visited a hut three times?
問答Q&A
•孔明擺空城計是因誰拒諫失街亭而導
致?
1. 司馬懿 2. 馬謖 3. 孟獲 4. 劉禪
•Who lost Jie Ting and caused Kong Ming to put
a trick of empty city?