DO NOW
1. Grab your portfolio
2. What is a biome? (look in your notes if you
forgot)
Ecosystem
Biotic
• Living
• Lived before
• Can be dead
• Can be parts of living things
Abiotic
• Nonliving
• Have never lived
• Are not dead
• Are not parts of living things
Ecosystem
• All of the abiotic (nonliving) & biotic (living)
factors in an area
• Biomes are made up of ecosystems
Biomes
• The world’s major communities
• Classified according to vegetation and
organisms
5 Major Biome Types
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Tundra
Grasslands
Aquatic
Forests
Desert
Biotic & abiotic factors
determine biome classification
Biosphere
• The biosphere includes
all life on earth
• Biodiversity is the
degree of variation
(differences) of life
forms within a given
species, ecosystem,
biome or entire planet.
Biodiversity
• Why is biodiversity good?
• Why is biodiversity necessary?
• What happens if biodiversity is decreased?
Biodiversity
BIOMES
• Biome Video 1
• Biome Video 2
Biomes
Tundra Climate
• COLD!
• Permafrost: a layer of permanently frozen sub
soil
• Short cool summer: Ground soggy and wet
• Small and stunted plants
Tundra Biotic Factors
• Small and stunted plants
• Few birds
• Few mammals
Tundra Abiotic Factors
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Strong winds
Low Precipitation
Short & Soggy Summers
Long, cold dark winters
Tundra Abiotic Location
• NORTH North America
• Asia
• Europe
Desert Climate
• DRY
• Many alternate between hot and cold
• Organisms can tolerate extreme conditions
Desert Biotic Factors
• Cacti and other succulents
• Plants with short growth
cycles
• Predators: mountain lions,
gray foxes, bobcats
• Herbivores: dder, antelope
• Bats, birds, hawks, owls,
rattlesnakes, lizards
Desert Abiotic Factors
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Low precipitation
Variable temps.
Soils rich in minerals
Poor organic material in soil
Desert Location
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Africa
Asia
Middle East
United States
Mexico
South America
Australia
Forest
AREA DOMINATED BY TREES
• Tropical Dry Forests
• Tropical Rain Forests
• Boreal Forest
• Temperate Forest
Tropical Rain Forest
More species than all other biomes combined
SUPER tall trees (canopy) & shorter trees
Tropical Rain Forest Abiotic
Hot and wet year round
Thin, nutrient poor soil
Tropical Rain Forest Biotic
Broad leaved trees
Ferns
Woody vines
Sloths, jaguars, anteaters, monkeys, toucans,
parrots, butterflies, anaconda
Tropical Rain Forest Location
South & Central America, Southeast Asia, Africa,
Southern Indian, Northeastern Australia
Tropical Dry Forest Climate
• Rainfall is highly seasonal
• Deciduous trees
Tropical Dry Forest Abiotic
• Generally warm year round
• Alternating wet & dry seasons
• Rich soil
Tropical Dry Forest Biotic
• Tall, deciduous trees – dense canopy
• Succulents
• Tigers, Monkeys, elephants, rhinos, pelicans,
termites, reptiles
Tropical Dry Forest Location
• Parts of Africa, South & Central America,
Mexico, India, Australia and Tropical Islands
Boreal Forest (Taiga)
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Northern Edge of Temperate Zone
Dense Evergreen Coniferous trees
COLD winters
Mild summers
Northern Hemisphere
Boreal Forest Abiotic
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LONG cold winters
Short mild summers
Moderate precipitation
High Humidity
Nutrient Poor Soils
Boreal Forest Biotic
• Coniferous Trees – Spruce & Fir
• Some Deciduous Trees
• Lynx, Timberwolves, weasels, moose, small
mammals, migratory birds
Boreal Forest Location
• North America, Asia, Northern Europe
Temperate Forest Climate
• Deciduous and Coniferous Trees
• Cold Winters & Warm Summers
Temperate Forest Abiotic
• Cold to moderate winters & warm summers
• Year-round precipitation
• Fertile Soil
Temperate Forest Biotic
• Both Deciduous & Conifers Trees, Flowers,
Mosses and ferns
• Deer, Black Bears, Bobcats, squirrels, raccoons,
skunks, songbirds
Temperate Forest Location
• Easter United States, Southeastern Canada,
Most of Europe, Parts of Japan, China and
Australia
Tropical Savanna Climate
• More seasonal rainfall than deserts, less than
tropics
• Cover of grasses
• Isolated Trees
• Large animals
Tropical Savanna Abiotic
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Warm Temps.
Seasonal rainfall
Compact Soil
Frequent Fires
Tropical Savanna Biotic
• Tall, perennial grasses, drought-tolerant and
fire-resistant trees or shrubs
• Predators: lions, leopards, cheetahs
• Herbivores: elephants, giraffes, antelopes,
zebras
• Birds: Eagles, ostriches
birds, storks
Tropical Savanna Location
• Large parts of Eastern Africa, Southern Brazil,
Northern Australia
Temperate Grassland
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Mix of grasses
Fertile Soil
Most converted to agriculture
Periodic fires & grazing
Temperate Grassland Abiotic
• Warm to hot summers, cold winters
• Moderate, seasonal precipitation
• Fertile soils
Temperate Grassland Biotic
• A lot of grasses – most resistant to drought or
fire
• Coyotes, badgers, mule deer, antelope,
rabbits, prairie dogs, cattle (introduced)
Temperate Grassland Location
• Central Asia, North America, Australia, Central
Europe, South America
Aquatic
• Marine
• Freshwater
Aquatic Climate
• Bodies of water
Aquatic Abiotic
Marine
• Salt Water
Freshwater
• Freshwater
Aquatic Biotic
• Animals and plants that can live in water
Aquatic Location