Trading states in Africa
Chapter 11
Early civilizations of Africa
Section 1
Sahara
• Who: Africans
• What: the largest desert in the world, a
geographic feature in the great variety of
African landscapes
• Where: Northern Africa
• When: 730 BC- present
• Why: this desert plays a major role in the
development of Africa & it’s trading kingdoms
that develop
Sahara (6)
• Who: Africans
• What: the largest desert in the world; just one
geographic feature in the great variety of
African land
• Where: North Africa
• When: 730 BC- present
• Why: the geographic features of this area
played a major role in the development of
Africa
Sahara (7)
• Who: Africans
• What: largest desert in the world; just one of
the many geographic features of Africa
• Where: Northern Africa
• When: 730 BC- present
• Why: this desert played a major role in the
development of N. Africa = desert = not a lot
of vegetation = lower population; trade routes
went through here
Savannahs (6)
• Who: Africans
• What: grassy plains, make up the continent’s
largest & most populated regions
• Where: Central & South Africa
• When: 730 BC- present
• Why: this area had the most vegetation = food
= larger population; this geographic region
affected how/where ppl lived
Savannas (7)
• Who: Africans
• What: grassy plains, the continent’s largest &
most populated regions
• Where: Central & South Africa
• When: 730 BC- present
• Why: these grassy plains had a lot of
vegetation = food = people = most populous
regions of Africa
Cataracts (6)
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•
•
•
•
Who: Africans
What: waterfalls on high plateaues
Where: Africa
When: 730 BC- present
Why: these hindered easy movement from
place to place in Africa, acted as barriers =
travel from place to place was hard
Cataracts (7)
• Who: Africans
• What: waterfalls that hindered movement
throughout Africa
• Where: high plateaus of Africa
• When: 730 BC- present
• Why: these served as barriers to trade= they
hindered easy movement of ppls from place to
place
Workbook pg 98
• I.
– A.
• 1. Sahara- largest desert in the world, shapes
Africa = not as many ppl live here b.c. of desert
• 2. Savannahs- grassy plains w. vegetation = most
populous region
• 3. Cataracts- hindered movement throughout
Africa, acted as barriers
• I.
– B.
• 1. Minerals (salt, gold, copper ,iron) showed wealth &
power = trade increased
• 2. Camels could travel long distances w.o water & could
carry heavy loads = trade increased
Savannah
• Who: Africans
• What: grassy plains, Africa’s largest & most
populated region
• Where: Central & South Africa
• When: 730 BC- present
• Why: moving north & south throughout
Africa, this is the continent’s most populated
region b.c. of all the vegetation
Cataracts
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•
•
•
•
Who: Africans
What: waterfalls on high plateaus
Where: Africa
When: 730 BC- present
Why: these hindered easy movement
throughout the continent b.c. they were
difficult to cross = limits travel
Workbook pg 98
• I.
• A. Geographic patterns
– Sahara- desert region in the North (not a lot of ppl live
here); Savannahs- most populated due to a lot of
vegetation = food
– Cataracts, (waterfalls)- restrict people from moving
about the continent
B. Resources spur trade
- Salt, gold, iron & copper were valuable = great
wealth & power = trade throughout Africa
- Camels allowed more trade through the desert b.c.
they were able to carry heavy loads & go long times w.o
water= trade increased through the Sahara
Desertification
• Who: Africans
• What: a climate change that slowly dried out the
Sahara, cropland & pastureland are
devoured/destroyed
• Where: Northern Africa, Sahara desert
• When: 2500 BC
• Why: as the land became parched, the desert
spread; the desertification led to migration b.c.
ppl had to find new areas to live in that
maintained their way of life
II. Part A.
• 1) Hunters & gatherers settled down &
learned to cultivate the Nile Valley &
domesticate animals
• 2)Sahara used to be covered with rich
grasslands & savannah = ppl lived here
• 3)Desertification- dried out vegetation = ppl
migrated (leave)
• 4) Ppl leave to find new areas that maintain
their ways of life
II. Part B
• 1. People migrated all throughout Africa =
diverse cultures/languages- root language =
Bantu
• 2. The Bantu spread their skills/language &
merge with other groups; still there today
Bantu
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•
•
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Who: Africans
What: the root language of the African languages
Where: Africa, W. Africa
When: 1000BC- present
Why: gives the movement “Bantu migrations” its’
name; Bantu-speakers spread their skills of
farming, iron working, & domesticating animals;
other existing cultures merged w. Bantu; their
influence is still in the languages of that region
today
Nubia
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•
•
•
•
Who: Egyptians, Nubian, Northeast Africans
What: ancient kingdom called Kush
Where: Egypt, northeast Africa, on the Nile
When: 2700 BC
Why: this kingdom was flourishing, trade led
to contact b/n Nubia & Egypt; Nubia was
under Egyptian control & remained that way
for about 500 years = Nubia adopted several
Egyptian traditions
Meroe