Berlin, 4 December 2012
Source: ENTSO-E Ten-Year
Network Developemnt Plan 2012
2
-
Loop flows / unplanned power flows / unannounced
power flows
physical phenomena that occurs when generation and load
centers diverge thus resulting in differences between
commercial schedules and physical flows.
Unplanned power flows result from:
1.
internal transactions between Northern (supply of wind
generation) and Southern Germany (demand) but also
2.
exchanges within a common market area of Germany and
Austria
There are no explicit limits to these flows even if they are
heavily using the networks of the neighbors.
3
Sweden
Export: 303.3 GWh
Import: 1467.0 GWh
Out: 277.5 GWh
In: 1513.6 GWh
Germany
Export: 2609.9 GWh
Import: 195.3 GWh
Out: 432.1 GWh
Export: 7233.6 GWh
Import: 1983.5 GWh
Export: 0.0 GWh
Import: 59.6 GWh
Out: 0.0 GWh
In: 59.6 GWh
In: 5135.6 GWh
Ukraine
Export: 3035.9 GWh
Import: 224.4 GWh
Out: 8261.5 GWh
Export: 1284.5 GWh
Import: 37.2 GWh
Czech Republic
Out: 3051.6 GWh
In: 44.0 GWh
Source: Polish Energy Regulatory
Office
In: 26.6 GWh
Slovakia
4
Operational
security
•The system security in Poland, Czech
Republic, Hungary and Slovakia is seriously
distorted (threat of regional blackouts)
Market
integration
and efficiency
•Continuous decrease of capacity used for
cross-border trade
Infrastructure
•Can hamper cross-border investment (as
such investment might not be beneficial for
investing country)
5
Problems associated
with loop flows
increased both in
numbers and scale
 massive renewable
energy sources
development not
corresponding with
grid development
Energiewende
Source: Position of ČEPS,
MAVIR, PSE Operator and
SEPS regarding the issue of
Bidding Zones Definition
6
Regulation No 714/2009
and
Congestion Management Guidelines
Point 3.1. capacity allocation at an
interconnection shall be coordinated by
involved TSOs. If commercial exchanges
between two countries affect physical
flow in third country – coordination
between all affected TSOs.
Point 3.2. coordinated congestion management method shall be
applied by not later than 1 January 2007 in regions: Central Eastern
Europe (Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary,
Austria and Slovenia)
-
7
Many initiatives aiming to address the problem:
1.
The European Commission - study
2.
ACER
3.
ENTSO-E
4.
BNetzA and Federal Ministry (internal)
Many possible solutions:
short-term – better coordination and cooperation between
TSOs related to operational security (re-dispatching)
mid-term – correct market design (adequate bidding zones)
long-term – infrastructure enhancement (interconnectors
and internal grids)
Phase Shifters  is it a real solution  Problem Shifters ???
8
Source: Polish Energy Regulatory
Office
9
ZRC
ALY
Legend:
DRG
SLK
750 kV
400 kV
GDA
DUN
ELB
ZDK
ZYD
220 kV
OLM
OLS
GLN
GRU
VIE
POM
MON
BIA
JAS
PKW
KRA
LMS
BYD
GOR
CZE
GUB
PDE
PAT
OLT
PPD
PLB
EIS
MOR
KOZ
PAB
OSR
POL
CRN
PIO
ROG
PAS
HAG
ABR
SWI
MIK
DBN
CPC
KIE
ANI
HCZ
BOG
ZBK
GRO
JOA
RAD
MKR
PEL
TCN
LAG
JAM
KAT
HAL
KOP
KLA
CHA
BIR
WAN
PRB
DOB
RZE
LUA
BYC
CZT
KOM
KHK
SIE
WIE
LIS
STW
LOS
ROK
ALB
NOS
ZAM
CHM
BLA
MOS
CHS
OSC
KPK
WRZ
KED
LSY
PUL
ROZ
BEK
TRE
WRC
Power Evacuation_NORTH
PIA
JAN
ZUK
SDU
STN
WSI
ZGI
ADA
LES
Power Evacuation_DBN
MIL
WTO
LSN
Power Evacuation_OST
MSK
SOC
KON
KRM
Wind Integration
PLO
WLA
PLE
Ger-Pol Improvements
ROS
NAR
OST
TEL
BCN
Ger-Pol Power Bridge
Power Evacuation_KOZ
ELK
PLP`
PLC
400 kV temporary at 220 kV
DC cable 450 kV
GBL
GDP
REC
SKA
ATA
BGC
TAW
KRI
BUJ
ZAP
LEM
Source: PSE Operator SA
10
Phase shifting transformers:
1.
•
•
better management of unplanned transits DE-PL-CZ
enhancement of transfer capacity on Polish synchronous profile. Expected
NTC increase:
• 500 MW for import and 1500 MW for export
•
•
greater security and reliability of the regional transmission network in Poland
and in other countries of the CEE region
increased capability to accommodate more renewable energy resources in a
safe and reliable manner
1.
Third DE-PL interconnector:
◦
strengthening market integration between member states
◦
increasing NTC by 1500 MW for import and 500 MW for export
on PL-DE/SK/CZ synchronous profile
◦
improving network security - project contributes to increase of security
of supply and flexibility of the transmission network
11