Results for the European PHS potential.
A GIS based study
Marcos Gimeno-Gutiérrez
Roberto Lacal-Arántegui
Source: www.lasprovincias.es
Background
RE goals (20% by 2020)
require interconnections,
energy storage, flexible
generation and demand-side
management.
Pumped hydropower storage
(PHS) is the only storage that
can contribute significantly to
the 2020 goals.
There were no other previous
studies assessing the
European PHS potential.
2
Objective
ASSETS assessment of
the European PHS
potential.
DEM
Scenarios
Political borders
GIS-based
model
Dams/reservoirs
Theoretical potential
Define a GIS-based
methodology (2011)
Inhabited areas
Apply restrictions
UNESCO
Environmental potential
Grid
infrastructure
JRC Improvements
Application to assess the
European potential
Transport
infrastructure
Human-use potential
Natura 2000
Validate it with industry and
academia (workshop April
2012)
Apply restrictions
Apply restrictions
Realisable potential
Costs
Apply restrictions
Economic potential
3
Improvements on the JRC/UCC model
Description
Original T1
Current T1
Original T2
Current T2
Maximum distance between two
existing or one existing and any
prospective reservoirs
1, 2, 3, 4, 5-km
1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20-km
1, 2, 3, 4, 5-km
1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20-km
Minimum head
150 m
150 m
150 m
150m generally, 50m
added at 5km
Assumed minimum new reservoir
capacity
1 000 000 m3
100 000 m3
1 000 000 m3
100 000 m3
Minimum distance to UNESCO site
5 km
500 m
5 km
500 m
Maximum distance to electricity
transmission network
50 km
20 km
50 km
20 km
4
How the model works
Sites in 5-km scenario
Sites with largest energy storage potential
5
How the model works
Best sites within 5 km
6
Results
Contains:
Complete assessment of
potential sites, for both
T1 and T2
With results for 31
European countries from
an improved model
Support to decision
making
7
Countries analysed
EU Member States (EU)
Austria (AT)
Belgium (BE)
Bulgaria (BG)
Cyprus (CY)
Sweden (SE)
Czech Republic (CZ)
Spain (ES)
France (FR)
Ireland (IE)
Romania (RO)
Poland (PL)
Germany (DE)
Hungary (HU)
Italy (IT)
Portugal (PT)
Greece (GR)
Slovakia (SK)
Slovenia (SI)
Finland (FI)
United Kingdom (UK)
Acceding country (AC)
Croatia (HR)
EFTA Members
Norway (NO)
Switzerland (CH)
Candidate countries (CC)
Iceland (IS)
Serbia (RS)
Turkey (TR)
FYROM (MK)
Montenegro (ME)
Potential candidates (PC)
Albania (AL)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (BA)
Kosovo* (XK)
8
Topology 1
Topology 1
T1 theoretical potential
Scenario
20 km
10 km
5 km
3 km
2 km
1 km
No. of sites
8 268
1 779
387
141
52
5
Potential energy storage (TWh)
54.31
8.00
0.83
0.31
0.10
0.004
TWh
T1 theoretical potential
60
AC
EFTA
CC
PC
37.12
30
EU
11.39
0
20 km
10 km
5 km
3 km
9
Topology 1
Topology 1
T1 realisable potential
Scenario
20 km
10 km
5 km
3 km
2 km
1 km
No. of sites
3 229
538
99
32
8
1
Potential energy storage (TWh)
28.63
1.32
0.20
0.07
0.03
0.003
T1 realisable potential
TWh
30
19.90
15
EU
AC
EFTA
CC
PC
3.97
0
20 km
10 km
10
Topology 2
Topology 1
T2 theoretical potential
Scenario
20 km
10 km
5 km
3 km
2 km
1 km
No. of sites
4 883
4 067
2 737
1 595
776
82
Potential energy storage (TWh)
122.87
51.09
15.31
7.98
3.11
0.37
TWh
T2 theoretical potential
125
42.97
100
75
EU
AC
EFTA
CC
PC
18.24
50
16.15
59.43
25
24.42
0
20 km
10 km
5 km
3 km
2 km
11
Topology 2
Topology 1
T2 realisable potential
Scenario
20 km
10 km
5 km
3 km
2 km
1 km
No. of sites
4,603
3,428
2,025
1,071
485
45
Potential energy storage (TWh)
79.76
33.32
10.21
4.72
1.89
0.18
T2 realisable potential
TWh
80
30.47
60
EU
AC
EFTA
CC
PC
14.90
40
12.32
20
32.92
12.68
0
20 km
10 km
5 km
3 km
2 km
12
Existing vs.
potential capacity
Existing and T2 (20-km) potential pumped storage capacity
TWh
20
19.13
Existing capacity
T2 realisable potential
T2 theoretical-only potential
Total
16.60
15
10
6.30
6.15
5
3.04
2.01
1.85
1.94
1.58
1.33
0
ES
NO
FR
UK
AT
CH
GR
BG
PT
DE
0.65
CZ
13
European PHS
potential
14
European PHS
potential
15
Eurostat data for 2011
Net electricity production
Net production natural hydro
Net production from PHS
Net production from wind
Net production from solar
Total variable RES electricity
PHS generation capacity (MW)
Conventional hydro generation
capacity (MW)
GWh
3 114 669
330 389
28 803
177 792
46 012
223 804
42 566
146 537
EU-27
PHS realisable potential (T2)
4000
3500
3000
35000
No. of sites
30000
Total energy storage (GWh)
25000
2500
Total PHS energy storage
No data
capacity
(Source: Eurelectric's Hydro in Europe: Powering renewables )
Reservoir data (ECRINS)
No. of reservoirs
Of which capacity is inc.
3
Total capacity (Hm )
No. of reservoirs selected
Capacity of selected reservoirs
(Hm3)
6 476
5 778
782 353
5 225
20000
2000
15000
1500
10000
1000
500
5000
0
No.
of sites
0
GWh
782 350
JRC assessment
T1 - theoretical potential
No. of sites
Average head (m)
Average energy storage (GWh)
Total energy storage (GWh)
T1 - realisable potential
No. of sites
Average head (m)
Average energy storage (GWh)
Total energy storage (GWh)
T2 - theoretical potential
No. of sites
Average head (m)
Average energy storage (GWh)
Total energy storage (GWh)
T2 - realisable potential
No. of sites
Average head (m)
Average energy storage (GWh)
Total energy storage (GWh)
1 km
5
201
1
4
1 km
1
292
3
3
1 km
71
222
5
336
1 km
36
222
4
4
2 km
47
281
1
61
2 km
6
433
3
16
2 km
561
230
2
1 118
2 km
315
226
2
553
3 km
131
301
2
255
3 km
25
321
1
36
3 km
1 120
259
4
4 179
3 km
670
246
3
1 911
5 km
5 km/ 50m
10 km
20 km
1 581
319
2
2 874
7 317
363
2
11 387
10 km
20 km
421
316
2
798
2 553
426
2
3 967
5 km/ 50m
10 km
20 km
2 986
231
3
10 310
3 081
411
8
24 416
3 815
555
16
59 431
5 km/ 50m
10 km
20 km
2 499
342
5
12 678
3 551
470
9
32 922
344
307
2
709
5 km
5 km/ 50m
77
322
2
141
5 km
1 972
308
4
7 430
5 km
1 330
278
3
3 982
2 264
200
2
5 425
16