TOPIC 8 AGE OF EXPLORATION
Mr. Kallusingh World History
REASONS FOR EXPLORATION
Europeans wanted an easier route to India and
China, so they could get spices, silk, and jewels
 Mapmaking and navigation instruments
improved during the renaissance
 Ships improved during the 1400’s, adding
things like the rudder which allowed them to
move in different directions

HENRY THE NAVIGATOR
Prince Henry was intrigued with finding gold
and spices for Portugal, so he brought together
the best geographers and navigators in Europe
to plan expeditions
 He began to trade for slaves, gold, and ivory
with Africa due to his expeditions

VASCO DA GAMA & BARTOLOMEU DIAZ
After Henry, Diaz was excited and made the trip
around the Cape of Good Hope
 Da Gama used Diaz trip to go around Africa into
the Indian Ocean to India

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
Received money from Spain to sail around the
World from Spain to Asia
 Columbus landed in the Caribbean and
believed he was on some islands off the coast
of India

HERNAN CORTES, ZHENG HE, MAGELLAN
Cortes was a Spanish explorer that invaded
Mexico and helped conquer it
 Zheng He traveled to Arabia, Brunei, East
Africa, India, Malay, and Thailand receiving
many good like zebras, camels, ivory, giraffes
 Magellan led the first voyage around the world,
he died along the way, but his crew finished the
voyage 1519-1522

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
Was the exchange of plants, animals, and
diseases between the Old World and New
World
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbian_excha
nge

COLONIZATION
Treaty of Torsedillas was an imaginary line
drawn by the Pope giving land west of the line
to Spain and east to Portugal
 Encomienda System gave people in the New
World authority over land and conquered
indigenous people
 Conquistadors were Spanish and Portuguese
explorers that conquered the New World

PORTUGAL COLONIZATION
They setup many trading post in places like
Goa, Malacca, Moluccas, Sri Lanka, East Africa,
they also had agricultural estates in Brazil
 Their empire declined quickly as they were too
small to handle the rapid expansion, they were
eventually conquered by their rival Spain

SPAIN COLONIZATION
They controlled land in the West Indies, North
America, Central America, And South America
 They setup colonial governments to try and
ensure they could maintain their wealth
 Initially natives did the work, they died from
disease, so they used African slaves

SPAIN COLONIZATION
Charles V used too much of Spain’s money on
holy wars and Phillip II did the same fighting
the counter-reformation Phillip II also crippled
the government by being too controlling
 Spain declined because they had no Industry,
forced non-Christians out of the country which
made them lose capable and talented people

DUTCH COLONIZATION
The Dutch split from Spain due to the
oppressive rule of Phillip II he did not allow
them to self rule, he persecuted the Calvinist,
and he taxed them heavily
 The Dutch were accepted in the trade industry
because they only wanted to trade, they had no
desire to conquer or change people
 The Dutch East India Company traded heavily in
sugar, tea, coffee, and spices

FRENCH AND ENGLISH COLONIZATION
They did not become major players in
colonization of the new world until after 1600
 English setup colonies in the Caribbean,
Canada, and America
 French setup colonies in the Caribbean and
Canada

SLAVE TRADE
Europeans and Africans both practiced slavery,
but Africans did not see slaves as property
 Some African communities sold slaves to the
Europeans for guns and other goods
 Some estimates are that 10 million slaves
survived the journey to the New World
 The effects of the slave trade can not be
measured, but the ten poorest countries in the
world are all African nations
