 Hispanic American applies to the Americans who came from
Mexico, Puerto Rico and Cuba.
 Five major subgroups- Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans,
Cuban Americans, Central Americans and Southern
Americans.
 The number of Hispanic Americans has risen dramatically.
 1960- 3 million
 1980- 15 million
 1995- 27 million
 2009- 46.9 million

 César Chávez, born on March 31, 1927.
 Second- generation American.
 Left school after eighth grade to work in the fields to support his family.
 Joined the United States Navy In 1946
 Dreamed to create an organization to help migrant farm workers whose poverty he had shared.
 Seen as a civil rights leader to Hispanic
Americans.
 Died on April 23, 1993.
http://www.laprensa-sandiego.org/archieve/march29-
02/chavez03.jpg

 Dolores Huerta, born on April 10,
1930 in New Mexico.
 Her father was a miner and farmer and her mother was a businesswoman who owned her own restaurant and hotel.
 Went to the University of Pacific’s
Delta Community College
 Met Chavez while working for the
Community Service Organization
(CSO)
 Huerta was seen as another civil rights activist for Hispanic
Americans.
http://images.chron.com/blogs/pulsolatino/Dolores%20Huerta%203%20AP%20Phot o%20Rich%20Pedroncelli.jpg

 United Farm Workers
(UFW) of America- formed in 1966 by
Chávez and Huerta.
 Benefited farmers
 Got support from United
Auto Workers, Robert
Kennedy and Jerry Brown, the California governor
 The grape boycott
 Chávez used strikes, fasts and marches .
 He would continue to lead strikes against bananas, lettuce, and vineyard owners.
http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb0199n93x./ http://si.wsj.net/public/resources/images/OB-EQ666_chavez_G_20091012104303.jpg

 During the 1940s
Mexicans were asked by the U.S. to fill the labor shortage as a result of
World War II.

 These workers were called
 Displaced many
Mexican- Americans
 Most effective 1947-
1964.
 5 million were given jobs.
http://www.opb.org/programs/oregonexperiencearchive/braceros/media/braceroqueue.jpg

 During the 1970s bilingual education was the center of controversy.
 Parents believed in order for their children to be equal to those who spoke English they would have to learn bilingually.
 Others who opposed this believed it slowed down the assimilation or the absorption of a minority into society.
 The Bilingual Education Act of 1968 ensured schools would have assistance for bilingual teaching programs.
 The number of illegal immigrants during the 1960s and 70s was rising quickly.
 In 1968 Congress passed the Immigration Reform Act.
 Fined employers anywhere from$250- $10,000 for every illegal immigrant that they employed.
 Hispanic Americans will soon be the biggest minority in the U.S.