Ibadat –Rituals or More
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Literal Meaning:
The basic concept implied by the root word, 'abd, is that
of acknowledging someone other than oneself
Holding supremacy or enjoying over lordship
Abdicating one's freedom and independence in big
favor, of relinquishing any resistance to or disobedience
Surrendering oneself totally to one’s authority
Its not slavery or bondage which tantamount to similar
status, the sense conveys to the mind of Arabs is of this
very factor, namely, Slavery / Bondage
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In Fiqh
The Arabic word ibadah (‫ )عبادة‬or ibada has
connotations of obedience, submission, and
humility.
In Islam, ibadah is the ultimate obedience, the
ultimate submission, and the ultimate humility to
Allah (God) along with the ultimate love for Him.
Ibadah is the reason for the existence of all
humanity.. Following Islamic beliefs and practices
– its commands, prohibitions, the halal, and the
haram.
Ibadah cannot be forced upon another person
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Concept
Classical Concept
It includes anything refined for elites in the
form of worship, flattery, gifts etc
Any thing meant for Holy Royal
Brhaman in Hinduism
Confession in Christianity
Leading congregation of Hajj in Islam
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Modern Concept:
Rituals: Prayer, fasting, Ganga Ashnan, Idolatry etc
Thoughts: Prophet S.A.W used to worship in Cave Hira.
Ibadat of Hazrat Ibrahim A.S related to thoughts.
Experience:Self denial, love, Chilla, Mediation Wajjadh,
Tasawuf,Zikar etc
Amer Bil Maroof wa Nahi En-el-Munkir
Social Work: Sadka-e-Jaria
Human rights- Haqooq-ul-Ebad
Truth and Truthfulness
Cont….
Islamic concept of Ibada is beautiful mix of all
definitions of ibada. As Allah said in Holy Quran
The Quran says:
"And to every nation We sent Messengers, ordering
them that they should worship Allah alone, obey Him,
and make their worship purely for Him; and that they
should avoid at-Taaghoot." [Sooratun-Nahl 16:36]
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Nature of Ibadat in Islam
Physical Ibada
Financial Ibada
Spiritual Ibada
(Thoughts) Fikri ibada
Primary ibada it includes five basic ibada. Prayer, fasting, zakat,
Hajj,Jihad (Obligatory)
Secondary ibada e.g. Charity, Nawafil, slaughtering of animal to Seek
mercy of Allah (Recommended)
Social ibada e.g. Greetings, Eid, funeral namaz, Amanat (Optional)
Political ibada e.g. establishment of Islamic state etc (??????)
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Infradi-o-Ijtamai fwayid
Collective and Individual Benefits
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Individual Reimbursements
Individual benefits:
Faith or belief in the Oneness of God
Fulfillment of basic purpose of life
Nourishment of Self (Nafs)
Hatred for evil
Cause the mercy of Allah
Self purification
Sense of Responsibility
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Collective
Spirit of Brotherhood
Equality
Realization of others’ pain
Foundation of healthy society
Implementation of Shariah
Development of values
Strength of social relations
Social development
Social betterment/welfare
Spirit of mutual help
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Ibadat/ 5 ibadah-five pillars of Islam
1. Faith or belief in the Oneness of God and the finality
of the prophethood of Muhammad;
2. Namaz /Establishment of the daily prayers;
3. Zakat /Concern for and almsgiving to the needy;
4. Roza /Self-purification through fasting;
5. Hajj/The pilgrimage to Makkah for those who are
able.
Jihad !!!!!!
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Some objectives
Namaz was declared as farz on 10 hijri
Roza was declared as farz on 2 hijri
Zakat was declared as farz on 2 hijri (9 hijri
rules)
Hajj was declared as Farz/wajib on 9 hijrai
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Zakat
• Concept
– Purity, Tazkiya
– Three important constituents
• Rate, Time, threshold
• Difference B/w Zakat and
Sadq`aat,Nifaq,Khums,Fay,Haq
Nature
Rate
Time
Threshold
Wealth &
precious Metals
2.5 %
Agri-Production
10% of irrigated On every
5% of Arid
yield
No Minimum
thresholh
Live stock
Goats 1/40,
Camels 1G/5C,
Cows 1/30
Annual
40 Goats,
5 Camels,
30 Cows
Trade-in-Stock
2.5 %
Annual
52,000 Rs and
more
Minerals or
buried wealth
20%
On every
yield
No minimum
Annual
Equivalent of 7.5
Tola Silver
FUNCTIONS OF ZAKAT
(a) A religious function:
• In this respect zakat is a manifestation of the faith
that affirms that God is the sole owner of
everything in the universe, and what men hold is
a trust in their hand over which God made them
trustees to discharge it as He has laid down:
– Al-Quran Surah Al-Hadid (57:7) "Believe in Allah and
His Messenger and spend of that over which He made
you trustees"
– It is also an expression of gratitude towards the
Bestower Who said: "If you give thanks, I will give you
more." (Quran 14:7)
(b) a social functions
• Zakat makes a fair contribution to social
stability.
• By purging the soul of the rich of selfishness
and the soul of the poor of envy and
resentment against society,
• It stops up the channels leading to class
hatred and makes it possible for the springs of
brotherhood and solidarity to gush forth
Socio-Economics Effects
• Circulation of Wealth
• Reduction in Poverty (Umer-bin abdul Aziz and
Saladin)
• Economic Prosperity
• Reduction in Unemployment
• Increase in Investment
• Increase in consumption (Y= C+ S)
Possibility of Working of Zakat
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Corruption in Collection and Distribution
Increased administrative Cost
Exemptions in Payments of Zakat
True Education
Collective Reimbursement by Govt
Separation of Zakat and Sadakat
Trust Deficit on System
Some important questions about
Zakat to ponder over
• Can Zakat be given to Non-Muslims
• Is it applicable on Non-Muslims
• Can it be given to Mosques, Madaras etc
• Can it be given in family ?
• Do Holy Royals pay or receive Zakat ?
• Take, [O, Muhammad], from their wealth a charity
by which you purify them and cause them increase,
and invoke [ Allah 's blessings] upon them. Indeed,
your invocations are reassurance for them. And
Allah is Hearing and Knowing. 9-103
• Zakah expenditures are only for the poor and for the
needy and for those employed to collect [zakah] and
for bringing hearts together [for Islam] and for
freeing captives [or slaves] and for those in debt and
for the cause of Allah and for the [stranded] traveler
- an obligation [imposed] by Allah . And Allah is
Knowing and Wise. 9-60
Agri production and Zakat
• And He it is who causes gardens to grow, [both] trellised
and untrellised, and palm trees and crops of different
[kinds of] food and olives and pomegranates, similar and
dissimilar. Eat of [each of] its fruit when it yields and give
its due [zakah] on the day of its harvest. And be not
excessive. Indeed, He does not like those who commit
excess. 6-141-inaam
• And know that anything you obtain of war booty - then
indeed, for Allah is one fifth of it and for the Messenger and
for [his] near relatives and the orphans, the needy, and the
[stranded] traveler, if you have believed in Allah and in that
which We sent down to Our Servant on the day of criterion the day when the two armies met. And Allah , over all things,
is competent. 8-41-infiaal
• They ask you, [O Muhammad], what they should
spend. Say, "Whatever you spend of good is [to
be] for parents and relatives and orphans and the
needy and the traveler. And whatever you do of
good - indeed, Allah is Knowing of it."
• [Charity is] for the poor who have been restricted for
the cause of Allah , unable to move about in the land.
An ignorant [person] would think them self-sufficient
because of their restraint, but you will know them by
their [characteristic] sign. They do not ask people
persistently [or at all]. And whatever you spend of
good - indeed, Allah is Knowing of it. 2-273
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