Chapter 19
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C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 19 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Contract verbs Contract verbs in –εω Impersonal δεῖ Contract verbs in –αω Contract verbs in –οω Contract nouns and adjectives Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Contract verbs Contract verbs in –εω Impersonal δεῖ Contract verbs in –αω Contract verbs in –οω Contract nouns and adjectives Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1. Contract verbs • • • • “Contract verbs” are verbs which have a stem ending in the vowels α, ε, or ο. In Attic Greek (and hence in koine), these final vowels in the stems contract with the endings added to the verbs. In writings by authors in other dialects (e.g., Homer or Herodotus), these contractions do not occur and the regular full forms appear. This chapter presents the very straightforward rules for contracting these vowels and gives examples of each type of contract verb. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1. Contract verbs • • • Vowels in contract verbs, and in Greek in general, usually combine in stable, predictable ways. Contract verbs use the same stems and endings as any regular verb. The fact that a verb has this contraction does not affect its meaning or translation in any way. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1. Contract verbs • The contraction of vowels can affect the accent of the verb. To accent a contract verb: – – Accent the uncontracted form just like any regular verb. If the accent appears on the first of the two vowels which contract, then the resulting contraction has a circumflex accent. • – φιλέω φιλῶ Otherwise, the accent is unchanged. • • ἐφιλεόμην ἐφιλούμην ἐφίλεον ἐφίλουν Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Contract verbs Contract verbs in –εω Impersonal δεῖ Contract verbs in –αω Contract verbs in –οω Contract nouns and adjectives Shelmerdine Chapter 19 2. Contract verbs in –εω • The most common contract verbs are those with stems ending in -ε. The rules for contracting an ε are: • – – – – ε+αη ε + ε or ει ει ε + ο or ου ου ε+ωω Remember that ε + ι = the dipthong ει and ε + υ = the diphthong ευ. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 2. Contract verbs in –εω • Pages 121-122 show an example of these contracted forms (with the uncontracted forms in parentheses) using the verb φιλέω. For example: • – – – – – ε + ε ει ε + ει ει ε + ο ου ε + ου ου ε+ωω ἐφίλεε ἐφίλει φιλέει φιλεῖ ἐφίλεον ἐφίλουν φιλέουσι φιλοῦσι φιλέω φιλῶ Shelmerdine Chapter 19 2. Contract verbs in –εω • You have seen these ε–contractions in several other contexts. For example, the second person singular middle/passive: • – ε+αη – – – – – ε + ε ει ε + ει ει ε + ο ου ε + ου ου ε+ωω ἐλύεσο ἐλύε(σ)ο ἐλύου 2nd sg imp. indic middle/passive ἐλάβεσο ἐλάβε(σ)ο ἐλάβου 2nd sg aor. indic middle Shelmerdine Chapter 19 2. Contract verbs in –εω • • You have seen these ε–contractions in several other contexts. Chapter 13: τριήρης, τριήρους ἡ “trireme” singular Nom. τριήρης Gen. τριήρους (εος) Dat. τριήρει Acc. τριήρη (εα) Voc. τριῆρες plural Nom. τριήρεις (εες) Gen. τριηρῶν (έων) Dat. τριήρεσι Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 2. Contract verbs in –εω • • You have seen these ε–contractions in several other contexts. Chapter 13 : τεῖχος, τείχους τό “wall” singular Nom. τεῖχος Gen. τείχους (εος) Dat. τείχει Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom. plural Nom. τείχη (εα) Gen. τειχῶν (έων) Dat. τείχεσι Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 2. Contract verbs in –εω • • You have seen these ε–contractions in several other contexts. Chapter 13 : Σωκράτης, Σωκράτους ὁ “Socrates” singular Nom. Σωκράτης Gen. Σωκράτους (εος) Dat. Σωκράτει Acc. Σωκράτη (εα) Voc. Σώκρατες Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Contract verbs Contract verbs in –εω Impersonal δεῖ Contract verbs in –αω Contract verbs in –οω Contract nouns and adjectives Shelmerdine Chapter 19 3. Impersonal δεῖ • A very common ε-contract verb is δεῖ which exists only in the 3rd person singular and means “it is necessary.” – δεῖ ἡμᾶς φεύγειν. It is necessary for us to flee. We have to (must) flee. – δεήσει ἡμᾶς φεύγειν. It will be necessary for us to flee. We will have to flee. – ἔδει ἡμᾶς φεύγειν. It was necessary for us to flee. We had to flee. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Contract verbs Contract verbs in –εω Impersonal δεῖ Contract verbs in –αω Contract verbs in –οω Contract nouns and adjectives Shelmerdine Chapter 19 4. Contract verbs in –αω • The next most common contract verbs are those with stems ending in -α. The rules for contracting an α are: • – – – α+ε ᾱ α + ει ᾳ α + ο or ου or ω ω Remember that α + ι = the dipthong αι and α + υ = the diphthong αυ. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 4. Contract verbs in –αω • Pages 123-124 show an example of these contracted forms (with the uncontracted forms in parentheses) using the verb τιμάω. For example: • – – – – – α+εᾱ α + ει ᾳ α+οω α + ου ω α+ωω ἐτίμαε ἐτίμα τιμάει τιμᾷ ἐτίμαον ἐτίμων τιμάουσι τιμῶσι τιμάω τιμῶ Shelmerdine Chapter 19 4. Contract verbs in –αω • Notice there is one form which seems to be an exception: – – – α+εᾱ α + ει ᾳ but τιμάειν τιμᾶν (present infinitive active) • This happens because, historically, the –ειν ending of the infinitive is itself a contraction, so the full contraction runs τιμάεεν τιμᾶεν τιμᾶν Shelmerdine Chapter 19 4. Contract verbs in –αω • • You have seen these α–contractions in another context. For example, second person singular aorist middle: – – – – – α+εᾱ α + ει ᾳ α+οω α + ου ω α+ωω ἐτιμήσασο ἐτιμήσα(σ)ο ἐτιμήσω Shelmerdine Chapter 19 4. Contract verbs in –αω • • These α–contractions appear in several other contexts. Α very few nouns, most importantly γέρας, γέρως τό “prize” and γήρας, γήρως τό “old age,” have stems ending in -ασ, which then contract. This textbook does not use any of these nouns. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Contract verbs Contract verbs in –εω Impersonal δεῖ Contract verbs in –αω Contract verbs in –οω Contract nouns and adjectives Shelmerdine Chapter 19 5. Contract verbs in –οω • The least common contract verbs are those with stems ending in -ο. The rules for contracting an ο are: • – – – ο + ει οι ο+ωω ο + ε or ο or ου ου Remember that ο + ι = the dipthong οι and ο + υ = the diphthong ου. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 5. Contract verbs in –οω • Page 125 shows an example of these contracted forms (with the uncontracted forms in parentheses) using the verb δηλόω. For example: • – – – – – ο + ε ου ο + ει οι ο + ο ου ο + ου ου ο+ωω ἐδήλοε ἐδήλου δηλόει δηλοῖ ἐδήλοον ἐδήλουν δηλόουσι δηλοῦσι δηλόω δηλῶ Shelmerdine Chapter 19 5. Contract verbs in –οω • Notice there is one form which seems to be an exception: – – – ο + ε ου ο + ει οι but δηλόειν δηλοῦν (present infinitive active) • This happens because, historically, the –ειν ending of the infinitive is itself a contraction, so the full contraction runs δηλόεεν δηλοῦεν δηλοῦν Shelmerdine Chapter 19 5. Contract verbs in –οω • • These ο–contractions are less common but do appear in other contexts. One noun in Greek has a stem ending in -οσ: αἰδώς, αἰδοῦς ἡ “shame,” which then contracts. It has only singular forms. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 5. Contract verbs in –οω • These ο–contractions are less common but do appear in other contexts. There are rare adjectives with ο and ε contraction: • – – – ο + ει οι ο+ωω ο + ε or ο or ου ου ἁπλόος –έα –όον ἁπλοῦς –ᾶ –οῦν “simple” Shelmerdine Chapter 19 Looking up a Greek verb • A contract verb is always listed in a vocabulary or lexicon in its uncontracted form, so you can see the vowel ending the stem. – – – φιλέω “love” τιμάω “honor” δηλόω “show” Shelmerdine Chapter 19 Looking up a Greek verb • Contract verbs normally lengthen their vowel in the other principal parts: – – – φιλέω, φιλήσω, ἐφίλησα, πεφίληκα, πεφίλημαι, ἐφιλήθν τιμάω, τιμήσω, ἐτίμησα, τετίμηκα, τετίμημαι, ἐτιμήθν δηλόω, δηλώσω, ἐδήλωσα, δεδήλωκα, δεδήλωμαι, ἐδηλώθν Shelmerdine Chapter 19 Looking up a Greek verb • • • Verbs whose stems end in –υ are very stable and regular: λύω, λύσω, ἔλυσα, λέλυκα, λέλυμαι, ἐλύθην The stems of Greek verbs never end in any vowel but α, ε, ο, or υ. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Contract verbs Contract verbs in –εω Impersonal δεῖ Contract verbs in –αω Contract verbs in –οω Contract nouns and adjectives Shelmerdine Chapter 16 6. Contract nouns and adjectives • • One important noun, “earth,” has a stem ending in –ε. This –ε– then contracts with the endings. The contractions is apparent from the circumflex accent on the endings. singular ἡ (γέα) γῆ τῆς (γέας) γῆς τῇ (γέᾳ) γῇ τὴν (γέαν) γῆν (γέα) γῆ Shelmerdine Chapter 16 6. Contract nouns and adjectives • • One important noun, “mind,” has a stem ending in –ο. This –ο– then contracts with the endings. The contractions are apparent in two ways – – Every form has a circumflex accent on the ending. The endings –οος and –οον contract to –ους and –ουν. singular νοῦς νοῦ νῷ νοῦν Voc. νοῦ plural νοῖ νῶν νοῖς νοῦς Voc. = nom. Shelmerdine Chapter 16 6. Contract nouns and adjectives • • A few adjectives have stems ending in –ε. This –ε– then contracts with the adjective endings. The contractions are apparent in two ways – – Every form has a circumflex accent on the ending. The endings –εος and –εον contract to –ους and –ουν. Shelmerdine Chapter 16 8. Contract nouns and adjectives • Thus the masculine forms of the contract adjective ἀργυροῦς –ᾶ –οῦν “silver” singular ἀργυροῦς ἀργυροῦ ἀργυρῷ ἀργυροῦν Voc. = nom. plural ἀργυροῖ ἀργυρῶν ἀργυροῖς ἀργυροῦς Voc. = nom. Shelmerdine Chapter 16 8. Contract nouns and adjectives • Thus the feminine forms of the contract adjective χρυσοῦς –ῆ –οῦν “gold” singular Nom. χρυσῆ Gen. χρυσῆς Dat. χρυσῇ Acc. χρυσῆν Voc. = Nom. plural Nom. χρυσαῖ Gen. χρυσῶν Dat. χρυσαῖς Acc. χρυσᾶς Voc. = Nom. Shelmerdine Chapter 16 8. Contract nouns and adjectives • But, as with first declension nouns, if the stem of the adjective (before the ε) ends in ρ, then a long α replaces the η in the singular. Thus the feminine forms of the contract adjective ἀργυροῦς –ᾶ –οῦν “silver”: singular Nom. ἀργυρᾶ Gen. ἀργυρᾶς Dat. ἀργυρᾷ Acc. ἀργυρᾶν Voc. = Nom. Shelmerdine Chapter 16 8. Contract nouns and adjectives • Thus the neuter forms of the contract adjective ἀργυροῦς –ᾶ –οῦν “silver” singular ἀργυροῦν ἀργυροῦ ἀργυρῷ Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom. plural ἀργυρᾶ ἀργυρῶν ἀργυροῖς Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 for tomorrow (Tuesday, February 1, 2011): • Quiz: Write out the chart of vowel contractions on page 121. • Prepare the reading “Xerxes and the Helmsman” for class. Kwirky Klassics Video Series Relatively short films and episodes from classic television shows that treat the ancient world in a peculiar way All presentations start at 6:30 p.m. in the Foreign Language Lab, 234 Prescott Hall. Screenings are on Thursday evenings. February 3 Curse of the Faceless Man (1958) A gladiator buried in the lava of Pompeii returns to life in modern times to find his conveniently reincarnated beloved and in the process kills anyone he meets— since they're in this movie he figures they deserve it. Come with a friend to this schlocky drive-in horror classic —you won't want to go home alone! 67 minutes March 3 "The Death of Socrates" (1953) and "The Assassination of Julius Caesar" (1953) from the TV series You Are There The imaginative television series You Are There (1953-1957) recreated history as though a modern television news team was present to cover the events. The show was hosted by future television news legend Walter Cronkite. Our two episodes feature a number of future stage, television, and movie greats, including a very young Paul Newman. The Socrates episode was directed by television and movie legend Sidney Lumet. 60 minutes March 31 "Who Mourns for Adonais?" episode of Star Trek (1967) In this episode of the groundbreaking Sci-Fi series the god Apollo seizes the Enterprise and demands the worship of its crew. Will Captain Kirk support this? Will the captain's girdle support him? Come see. 50 minutes April 28 Romulus and Remus (1961) Our video series concludes by honoring Rome's birthday—a week late because of spring break—with a cinematic retelling of the city's founding. This muscleman epic is noteworthy for the presence of the two most famous stars of the genre: Steve Reeves with his 17 ½-inch biceps, and Gordon Scott with his 19-inch biceps. One of them will out-pose the other and have an empire named for him. 89 thrilling minutes! Kwirky Klassics Video Series Relatively short films and episodes from classic television shows that treat the ancient world in a peculiar way All presentations start at 6:30 p.m. in the Foreign Language Lab, 234 Prescott Hall. Screenings are on Thursday evenings. February 3 Curse of the Faceless Man (1958) A gladiator buried in the lava of Pompeii returns to life in modern times to find his conveniently reincarnated beloved and in the process kills anyone he meets—since they're in this movie he figures they deserve it. Come with a friend to this schlocky drive-in horror classic —you won't want to go home alone! 67 minutes Macedonia Strymon River Hellespont Shelmerdine Chapter 19 ὁ δ’ οὖν Ξέρξης ἐνικήθη καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν Ἀθηνῶν ἀπήλασεν· ἐπεὶ δὲ ἧκεν ἐπὶ τὸν Στρυμόνα, οὐκέτι κατὰ γῆν τὴν ὁδὸν ἐποίει, ἀλλὰ τὴν μὲν στρατιὰν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἐπέτρεψε ἀπάγειν εἰς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον, αὐτὸς δ’ ἐπὶ νεὼς Φοινίσσης ἐπορεύετο εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν. μέγας δὲ ἄνεμος τε καὶ χειμὼν κακῶς ἐποίουν τὴν ναῦν, ἣ ἔμελλε καταδύσεσθαι· πολλοὶ γὰρ Πέρσαι μετὰ βασιλέως ἐπορεύοντο καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ καταστρώματος ἐπῆσαν. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 ὁ δ’ οὖν Ξέρξης ἐνικήθη καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν Ἀθηνῶν ἀπήλασεν· ἐπεὶ δὲ ἧκεν ἐπὶ τὸν Στρυμόνα, οὐκέτι κατὰ γῆν τὴν ὁδὸν ἐποίει, ἀλλὰ τὴν μὲν στρατιὰν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἐπέτρεψε ἀπάγειν εἰς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον, αὐτὸς δ’ ἐπὶ νεὼς Φοινίσσης ἐπορεύετο εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν. μέγας δὲ ἄνεμος τε καὶ χειμὼν κακῶς ἐποίουν τὴν ναῦν, ἣ ἔμελλε καταδύσεσθαι· πολλοὶ γὰρ Πέρσαι μετὰ βασιλέως ἐπορεύοντο καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ καταστρώματος ἐπῆσαν. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 ὁ δ’ οὖν Ξέρξης ἐνικήθη καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν Ἀθηνῶν ἀπήλασεν· ἐπεὶ δὲ ἧκεν ἐπὶ τὸν Στρυμόνα, οὐκέτι κατὰ γῆν τὴν ὁδὸν ἐποίει, ἀλλὰ τὴν μὲν στρατιὰν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἐπέτρεψε ἀπάγειν εἰς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον, αὐτὸς δ’ ἐπὶ νεὼς Φοινίσσης ἐπορεύετο εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν. μέγας δὲ ἄνεμος τε καὶ χειμὼν κακῶς ἐποίουν τὴν ναῦν, ἣ ἔμελλε καταδύσεσθαι· πολλοὶ γὰρ Πέρσαι μετὰ βασιλέως ἐπορεύοντο καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ καταστρώματος ἐπῆσαν. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 ὡς οὖν εἶδον τὸν κίνδυνον ἐβοῶντο, ὁ δὲ Ξέρξης καὶ ὁ κυβερνήτης ἐβουλεύοντο· καὶ ὁ κυβερνήτης λέγει· Δέσποτα, εἰ βούλει σῴζειν τὴν σὴν ψυχήν, ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστιν ἐλεύθεροῦν τὴν ναῦν τῶν πολλῶν ἐπιβατῶν. ὁ δὲ Ξέρξης λέγει τοῖς Πέρσαις, Ἄνδρες Πέρσαι, νῦν καιρός ἐστιν ὑμῖν δηλοῦν τὴν ὑμετέραν πρὸς ἐμὲ φιλίαν· ἐν ὑμῖν γὰρ δοκεῖ εἶναι ἐμοὶ ἡ σωτηρία. οἱ δὲ εὐθὺς ἐξάλλονται εἰς τὴν θάλατταν· καὶ οὕτως ἔσωσαν βασιλέα, ἐπεὶ ἐποίησαν τὴν ναῦν κουφοτέραν. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 ὡς οὖν εἶδον τὸν κίνδυνον ἐβοῶντο, ὁ δὲ Ξέρξης καὶ ὁ κυβερνήτης ἐβουλεύοντο· καὶ ὁ κυβερνήτης λέγει· Δέσποτα, εἰ βούλει σῴζειν τὴν σὴν ψυχήν, ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστιν ἐλεύθεροῦν τὴν ναῦν τῶν πολλῶν ἐπιβατῶν. ὁ δὲ Ξέρξης λέγει τοῖς Πέρσαις, Ἄνδρες Πέρσαι, νῦν καιρός ἐστιν ὑμῖν δηλοῦν τὴν ὑμετέραν πρὸς ἐμὲ φιλίαν· ἐν ὑμῖν γὰρ δοκεῖ εἶναι ἐμοὶ ἡ σωτηρία. οἱ δὲ εὐθὺς ἐξάλλονται εἰς τὴν θάλατταν· καὶ οὕτως ἔσωσαν βασιλέα, ἐπεὶ ἐποίησαν τὴν ναῦν κουφοτέραν. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 ὡς οὖν εἶδον τὸν κίνδυνον, ἐβοῶντο, ὁ δὲ Ξέρξης καὶ ὁ κυβερνήτης ἐβουλεύοντο· καὶ ὁ κυβερνήτης λέγει· Δέσποτα, εἰ βούλει σῴζειν τὴν σὴν ψυχήν, ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστιν ἐλεύθεροῦν τὴν ναῦν τῶν πολλῶν ἐπιβατῶν. ὁ δὲ Ξέρξης λέγει τοῖς Πέρσαις, Ἄνδρες Πέρσαι, νῦν καιρός ἐστιν ὑμῖν δηλοῦν τὴν ὑμετέραν πρὸς ἐμὲ φιλίαν· ἐν ὑμῖν γὰρ δοκεῖ εἶναι ἐμοὶ ἡ σωτηρία. οἱ δὲ εὐθὺς ἐξάλλονται εἰς τὴν θάλατταν· καὶ οὕτως ἔσωσαν βασιλέα, ἐπεὶ ἐποίησαν τὴν ναῦν κουφοτέραν. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 ὁ δὲ Ξέρξης, ὡς ἐν γῇ ἐστίν, ὅτι μὲν ἔσωσε βασιλέως τὴν ψυχήν, παρέχει τῷ κυβερνήτῃ στέφανον χρυσοῦν, ὅτι δὲ πολλοὺς Πέρσας ἀπώλεσε, ἀποτέμνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 ὁ δὲ Ξέρξης, ὡς ἐν γῇ ἐστίν, ὅτι μὲν ἔσωσε βασιλέως τὴν ψυχήν, παρέχει τῷ κυβερνήτῃ στέφανον χρυσοῦν, ὅτι δὲ πολλοὺς Πέρσας ἀπώλεσε, ἀποτέμνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 ὁ δὲ Ξέρξης, ὡς ἐν γῇ ἐστίν, ὅτι μὲν ἔσωσε βασιλέως τὴν ψυχήν, παρέχει τῷ κυβερνήτῃ στέφανον χρυσοῦν, ὅτι δὲ πολλοὺς Πέρσας ἀπώλεσε, ἀποτέμνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ. Shelmerdine Chapter 19 22 πολλοὶ ἐροῦσίν μοι ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, Κύριε κύριε, οὐ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι ἐπροφητεύσαμεν, καὶ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι δαιμόνια ἐξεβάλομεν, καὶ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι δυνάμεις πολλὰς ἐποιήσαμεν; 23 καὶ τότε ὁμολογήσω αὐτοῖς ὅτι Οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς· ἀποχωρεῖτε ἀπ᾽ ἐμοῦ οἱ ἐργαζόμενοι τὴν ἀνομίαν. ἀποχωρέω go away δαίμων –ονος ὁ demon δύναμις –εως ἡ power ἔγνων “I knew” ἐκβάλλω –βαλῶ -έβαλον throw away ἐκεῖνος –η –ο that οἱ ἐργαζόμενοι τὴν ἀνομίαν those who break the law ἐρῶ (ἐρέω) future of λέγω Κύριος –ου ὁ Lord οὐδέποτε never ὁμολογέω declare προφητεύω prophesy Shelmerdine Chapter 19 24 Πᾶς οὖν ὅστις ἀκούει μου τοὺς λόγους τούτους καὶ ποιεῖ αὐτοὺς ὁμοιωθήσεται ἀνδρὶ φρονίμῳ, ὅστις ᾠκοδόμησεν αὐτοῦ τὴν οἰκίαν ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν. οἰκοδομέω οἰκοδομήσω οἰκωδόμησα build a home ὁμοιόω resemble, be like ὅστις (anyone) who πᾶς (masc sg nom.) each πέτρα –ας ἡ rock τούτους these φρόνιμος –η –ον thoughtful, intelligent Shelmerdine Chapter 19 25 καὶ κατέβη ἡ βροχὴ καὶ ἦλθον οἱ ποταμοὶ καὶ ἔπνευσαν οἱ ἄνεμοι καὶ προσέπεσαν τῇ οἰκίᾳ ἐκείνῃ, καὶ οὐκ ἔπεσεν, τεθεμελίωτο γὰρ ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν. ἄνεμος –ου ὁ wind κατέβη (3d sg aor.indic act) βροχή -ης ἡ rain walk down, come ἦλθον (3d pl aor.indic act) come πέτρα –ας ἡ rock τεθεμελίωτο “it has been established” πνεύω breathe, blow προσπίπτω –πεσοῦμαι -έπεσον fall on Shelmerdine Chapter 19 26 καὶ πᾶς ὁ ἀκούων μου τοὺς λόγους τούτους καὶ μὴ ποιῶν αὐτοὺς ὁμοιωθήσεται ἀνδρὶ μωρῷ, ὅστις ᾠκοδόμησεν αὐτοῦ τὴν οἰκίαν ἐπὶ τὴν ἄμμον. ὁ ἀκούων who hears ἄμμος –ου ὁ sand μωρός -ή -όν moronic, stupid, foolish οἰκοδομέω οἰκοδομήσω οἰκωδόμησα build a home ὁμοιόω resemble, be like ὅστις (anyone) who πᾶς (masc sg nom.) each ποιῶν who does τούτους these Shelmerdine Chapter 19 27 καὶ κατέβη ἡ βροχὴ καὶ ἦλθον οἱ ποταμοὶ καὶ ἔπνευσαν οἱ ἄνεμοι καὶ προσέκοψαν τῇ οἰκίᾳ ἐκείνῃ, καὶ ἔπεσεν, καὶ ἦν ἡ πτῶσις αὐτῆς μεγάλη. ἄνεμος –ου ὁ wind βροχή -ης ἡ rain ἦλθον (3d pl aor.indic act) come κατέβη (3d sg aor.indic act) walk down, come πέτρα –ας ἡ rock πνεύω breathe, blow προσπίπτω –πεσοῦμαι -έπεσον fall on πτῶσις –εως ἡ fall, collapse Shelmerdine Chapter 19 for tomorrow (Thursday February 3, 2011): • Quiz: Chapter 19 Vocabulary. – omit βοάω, δουλόω, ἐλευθερόω • Read Chapter 20 and begin reading “Polycrates and the Ring 1: Advice from Amasis.” Shelmerdine Chapter 19 for tomorrow (Wednesday February 2, 2011): • Quiz: parsing on “Xerxes and the Helmsman” • Read Chapter 20 and begin reading “Polycrates and the Ring 1: Advice from Amasis.”
