Reading Skills
Text Study
Notes to the Text
Words and Expressions
Idea Sharing
Mixture of Fact and Opinion
Exercises
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Reading Skills
2
I. Mixture of Fact and Opinion
As we learned in Book 1, Book2, and Book 3, it is
very important to tell the difference between facts
and the writer’s opinions during the course of
reading. But more often, writers mix facts and
opinions even within the same sentence.
fact?
Opinion?
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2
Reading Skills
Have a review at the corresponding
knowledge mentioned in Unit 2
(Book 1), Unit 3 and Unit 8 (Book2),
and Unit 2 (Book 3).
More Tips
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2
Reading Skills
Tips for Distinguishing Facts from Opinions
1. Test the writer’s opinion by asking
whether a different opinion is possible.
2. Look for adjectives that interpret one’s
opinions such as pretty, ugly, handsome,
dangerous, evil, attractive, well-dressed,
good, etc.
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Reading Skills
2
Examples:
“
” (opinion) “
” (fact)
1. Certainly middle-class audiences did;
the working-class audiences were more
likely to clap for a character who revolted
against authority, using his wicked little
cane to trip it up, or aiming the heel of
his boot for a well-placed kick at its broad
rear.
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2
Reading Skills
2. It’s a relief to know that life eventually
gave Charlie Chaplin the stable happiness
it had earlier denied him.
But this one is basically factual because
Chaplin did get married in his 50’s as his
last marriage.
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Reading Skills
2
II. Exercises
F for Facts; O for Opinions
( F ) 1. Yet, six months ago, she did a most
revolutionary thing: She ran for mayor
of Embu, Kenya, and won.
( O ) 2. Yet, political activity among Kenyan
women is not a new phenomenon.
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2
Reading Skills
( O ) 3. For the thousands of women in this farming
area two hours northeast of Nairobi, Ms.
Mbogo suddenly became a symbol of the
increasingly powerful political force women
have become in Kenya and across Africa.
( F ) 4. One veteran female political activist said that
many women had not been taught the basics
of political participation.
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2
Question Answering
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Text Study
2
Question Answering
General Idea
1. Who was gatha Muthoni Mbogo?
Tips
Ran for mayor of Embu, Kenya,
and won.
Became a symbol of the increasingly
powerful political force women have
become in Kenya and across Africa.
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2
Text Study
Beginning of Ms. Mbogo’s dream:
2. What did she do in 1992?
In 1992; running for the Embu Council
3. What were her difficulties and the obstacles?
little money
no political experience
ridiculous questions about her
personal life
misunderstanding among the
town’s women
deeply held cultural traditions
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2
Text Study
4. What’s the background of her election?
Many women had not been taught the basics
of political participation;
Some political activity among Kenyan women;
Men still have the upper hand, and no Kenya
woman has ever held a cabinet post.
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Text Study
2
Ms. Mbogo’s road to success:
4. What’re her steps to success?
Winning her council seat
Declining a spot on a so-called “a
woman’s committee” and joining the
town planning committee
Challenging Embu’s mayor and
winning with 7 to 6 votes
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Text Study
2
Comments on her and her winning:
5. What’s her achievement?
Donor groups are now funding projects
in Embu in earnest — for new market, a
200-bed section for new-mothers, a
dormitory-style home …
6.What’re the comments on it?
Warmly welcomed by the men of Embu;
liked by most people of Embu; a refreshing
change …
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2
Active Expressions
Focus Study
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2
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
I. Active Expressions
Find out the active expressions:
1. …Ms. Mbogo suddenly became a symbol of the
increasingly powerful political force…
2. Today, men still have the upper hand.
3. Ms. Mbogo has not met with the kinds of abuse
that other female politicians have been
subjected to…
Practice
4
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
2
Active Expressions
• increasingly
• more and more
• have/get the
• get into a stronger position
than another person
upper hand
• be subject to
• often experiencing or
suffering from sth. unpleasant
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2
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
Translation
1.近况日趋紧张。
2.上半场结束时似乎是意大利队占上风。
3.那地区经常发生水灾。
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2
Notes to the Text—Active Expressions
1. The current situation is growing
increasingly tense.
2. At half time, the Italian team seemed to
have the upper hand.
3. The area is subject to regular flood.
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2
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
II. Focus Study
1. … many of whom initially were unwilling to vote
for her.
e.g.
She has a lot of books. She hasn’t read most of them.
She has a lot of books, most of which she hasn’t read.
Practice
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2
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
Practice
• They’ve got three cars. They never use two
of these cars.
• He tried on three jackets. None of these
jackets fitted him.
Key
• They’ve got three cars, two of which they never
use.
• He tried on three jackets, none of which fitted
him.
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2
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
2. In contrast, Ms. Mbogo generally receives
warm greetings from the men of Embu, and
many say they are now glad the council
chose her.
in / by contrast 相比之下
Practice
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2
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
Translation
• 相比之下，我比较喜欢老式建筑物。
• Tom's marks by contrast with Harry's marks
were excellent.
Key
• In contrast, I like the old-style buildings.
• 汤姆的分数与哈利的分数比起来算是上乘的。
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2
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
3. “I feel like if I have a problem, I can go to
her office,” she said.
feel like + if-clause, noun, noun-clause,
or v-ing
感觉好像……；想……
Practice
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2
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
Translation
• 实际上，这不像是个工作，倒像是每天晚上
与朋友一起聚会。
• I feel like celebrating tonight.
Key
• In fact, it doesn't feel like a job; it feels like
getting together with friends every night.
• 今晚我想庆祝一下。
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9
Word Using
Old to New
Chinese to English
4
Words and Expressions—Word Using
2
I. Word Using
1. run for
to compete in a race for elected office
e.g.
Running for Governor
More phrases with “run”
run after
run away
run into
run out
in the long run
追赶，追逐
逃跑，离开
偶然碰到，遭遇，陷入
用光，耗尽
从长期看
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Words and Expressions—Word Using
2
2. launch v.
① to start, to initiate;
② to introduce to the public or to a market;
③ to send a ship into the water or a rocket,
etc. into the sky
e.g.
• The enemy launched an attack at midnight.
• The company decided to launch the new
perfume on the internet.
• That country launched another rocket.
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Words and Expressions—Word Using
2
3. priority n.
① sth. that is most important or that
you must do before anything else;
② 优先权
e.g.
You must decide what your priorities are.
Collocation
get, have, take priority
give sb. / sth. priority
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Words and Expressions—Word Using
2
4. sack n.
a large bag
辨析
get / give a sack
get / give the sack
e.g.
• He finally got the sack after being late again
and again.
他最终因为不断的迟到而被解雇了。
• Give me a sack of potatoes.
给我一袋土豆。
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Words and Expressions—Word Using
2
5. jealous a.
① wanting very much to protect or keep sth.;
② unhappy and angry because someone
else has something you want
e.g.
• He is jealous of his possessions.
• To tell the truth, I get a bit jealous of the
other people who come and see Marie.
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Words and Expressions—Word Using
2
6. against that background
with sth. in the background
Translation
这个爱情故事是在内战的背景下展开的。
Key
The love story unfolds against a background
of civil war.
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Words and Expressions—Word Using
2
7. substantial a.
large in amount or degree
Translation
• This move proved to be a substantial
improvement.
• 母亲为我们准备了丰盛的早餐。
Key
• 事实证明这一举动是一项很大的改进。
• Mother prepared us a substantial breakfast.
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Words and Expressions—Word Using
2
8. fierce a.
intense, strong or violent
Use It
How would you prepare yourself for the
fierce competition after graduation?
Tips
To face the fierce competition, I would
enrich myself in addition to the knowledge
of my major, …
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Words and Expressions—Word Using
2
9. witness v./ n.
① to see sth. happen on the spot
② a person who sees sth. happen on the spot
Use It
Can you describe an accident you witnessed?
Tips
Several years / months / days ago, when
I …, I witnessed an car accident…
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Words and Expressions—Word Using
2
10. refreshing a.
pleasantly different from what is familiar and
boring
Translation
• There’s nothing more refreshing on a hot
day than a cold beer.
• 同这么真诚坦率的人谈话，令人耳目一新。
Key
• 在炎热的天气里，没有什么比一杯凉啤酒更
爽的了。
• It's refreshing to talk to such a truthful person.
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2
Words and Expressions—Old to New
II. Old to New
not understand correctly
a large bag
serious or determined
watch secretly
large in amount or degree
a large public meeting






misunderstand
sack
earnest
spy on
substantial
assembly
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Words and Expressions—C to E
2
III. Chinese to English
竞选

run for
占上风

have/get the upper hand
激烈的，猛烈的

fierce
遭到，受到

be subject to
令人耳目一新的

refreshing
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Words and Expressions—C to E
2
投票选出

vote in
撕下，扯下

tear down
相比之下

in / by contrast
构成，组成

make up
摆出，摆开

lay out
Election Campaign
4
Idea Sharing
2
Election Campaign
After the study of the text, you must have
some ideas about the key factors to great
success.
Work in groups. Every group is the think
tank (智囊团) for its representative who will
run for the president of the Student Union.
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Idea Sharing
2
Tips
• Make a persuasive speech;
• Canvassing for (为……拉
选票) your representative
by all means.
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2
To Horizon
To Task
The End of Section B