Text B
The Standard for Olympic Excellence
Unit 2, Book 2
11
New Words
22
injury
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damage / wound / hurt / injury
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damage 损害某物
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wound 指（人）在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体出现明显伤口

hurt, injury 指（人）在平时或事故中受伤
hurt: 有强烈的疼痛感
injury: 大多造成容颜、机能损害
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33
defy
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defy sb. to do sth. 向某人挑战，激惹某人
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我倒要看看你是否能给我一条充分的理由让我信任你。

I defy you to give me one good reason for believing you.
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(sth.) defy description 难以形容
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(sth.) defy understanding 无法理解
44
strip
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n. strip / stripe
strip 长条
tear the cloth into strips
stripe 条纹
the white cloth with blue stripes
v.
strip sb. of sth. 剥夺
55
trail
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n.
trail / track / trace
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trail 小道；踪迹（指人或动物走过留下的足迹或
者其他痕迹，如气味、尘土等）
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track 人或动物留下的足迹
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trace 事物发展进程的痕迹
66
committee
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当做整体看时，谓语动词单数；当做成员看时，谓语
动词复数
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committee / board / commission
committee 委员会
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board 董事会；理事会
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commission 执行某种职能的机构，（专门）委员会，
比committee范围大，如国务院下属各委
77
formula
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pl.
formulas / formulae
介词用for不用of
The formula for water is H2O.
v.
formulate
88
suspicion
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be under suspicion
被怀疑
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v.
suspect
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adj.
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be suspicious of
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99
reception
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a wedding reception
婚宴
a cool reception
冷淡的接待
1010
Story about Carl Lewis
11
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Why is he called “the greatest track and field Olympian
of all time”?
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Gold medal performances?
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Competitive nature and ability to win?
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Carl’s determination and commitment to track as a kid?
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Carl’s attitude toward performance-enhancing drugs?
12
What is “Olympic Excellence”?
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“... not by simply winning, but by winning honestly,
loving to compete and working the hardest for the
longest time.”
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What are the fantasies of the Olympics?
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What do you think of “sportsmanship”?
13
Passage Reading
1414
Para. 1
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And so, while it must be admitted that performanceenhancing drugs are exploited to offer advantage to
some Olympic athletes, those who do so never receive
the only true reward the Olympics has to offer: honor.
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performance-enhancing drugs  stimulant / dope
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Although it is true that some athletes use drugs to help them
perform better, they never achieve honor in the real sense,
which is the only true reward the Olympics can give them.
15
Para. 2
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With speed, consistency, integrity and above all desire,
Lewis defied not only the stopwatch but also the march
of time.
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above all: most importantly
the march of time: steady forward movement, progression
With his speed, consistent performance, honesty and most
importantly with his desire, it seemed that for Lewis the
stopwatch no longer existed and time stopped.
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凭着速度，稳定的发挥，诚实，尤其是获胜的渴望，刘易
斯的表现非秒表所能计量，甚至使时间也停滞不前。
16
Para. 3
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Carl set his mind on track and that was it. He said he
wanted to be the best, period.

period: 就这些
In the U. S., people say “period” after stating a fact or opinion
when they want to emphasize that they are definite about sth.
and do not want to discuss further.

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Carl decided to take up track as his career and never changed
his mind. He always wanted to be the best and nothing else.
17
Para. 4
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The crowd was used to Lewis trailing for the first half of
the race – he just had a different style – and then finishing
strong with his long stride to win.

finishing strong: still continuing actively, even after a long time
People were used to Lewis’s different running style: falling
behind for the first half of the race, then speeding up as his
longer stride allowed him to pass the others and win.
人们习惯于看到刘易斯在赛程的前一半落在后面——他就
是这种与众不同的风格——最后来个大跨步的奋力冲刺。
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18
Para. 4
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The gold medal was given to Lewis instead, yet many
did not see his conquest as a real victory, and he
became swept up in the apparent blanket condemnation
of the sport.

blanket: describe sth. when we want to emphasize that it
affects or aims at everyone or everything without exception.
e.g. a blanket ban on smoking in classroom
The gold medal was given to Lewis, but many people didn’t
regard his victory as a real one, and he became caught up in a
general criticism of the sport, which was being condemned for
dishonesty.
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19
Para. 4
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Lewis firmly denied the charges and countered by
proving before a judge that the magazine that had
published the stories did so without foundation to their
claims.
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Lewis declared that the charges were definitely untrue and in
response he argued before a judge that the magazine stories
were not based on facts.

刘易斯对此坚决予以否认，并在法官面前证明杂志刊登这
样的消息是毫无根据的行为。
20
Para. 5
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It would take the formula of Lewis’ further commitment to
the sport and his love for competition to lift some of the
suspicion form track events and stop the erosion of
support that the Olympics began to suffer after Seoul.

lift the suspicion from: 消除疑虑
Lewis’ model of continued hard work and loyalty to the sport
and his passion for competition would help clear up people’s
distrust for track events and win back their support for the
Olympics, which had been declining after the 1988 Olympic
Games in Seoul.

21
Sports Expressions
22
发挥在自己项目上的最佳水平
perform at one’s event’s highest level
田径项目
track and field
奥运精神
the Olympic spirit
保持世界记录
hold world record
2323
在100米短跑中击败某人
to beat sb. in the 100-meter dash
站到起跑线上
take one’s marks
发令枪
the starter’s pistol
从起跑线上冲出
burst from the line
2424
在赛程的前一半处于落后
be trailing for the first half of the race
领先
build a lead
终点线
the finish line
9.92秒的个人最好成绩
personal best time of 9.92 seconds
2525
国际奥委会
the International Olympic Committee
赛后药检
post-race drug test
径赛项目
track events
4×100米接力赛
4×100 meter relay
2626
Debate
Should the Athletes Serve as Role Models?
27
Reading Skills
2828
Finding out Word Meanings
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1. better to know the prefix or suffix attached
to the stem.
2. Sentences before or after a sentence
containing a difficult word sometimes explain
the word.
3. use one’s experience or our knowledge,
common sense about a certain topic.
4. find the examples that help figure out the
meaning of a word.
5. find “and”, paralleled structure, and the
antonyms.
2929
Reading Skills (I)
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1. D
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2. A
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3. A
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4. C
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5. B
30
Practice of Reading Skills
Anthropology is the scientific study of man.
研究人类的科学，人类学
In slang, the term “jam” constitutes a state of
being in which a person finds himself or
herself in a difficult situation.
困境
3131
Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is
necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
对词的意义进行研究的科学，语义学
Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge,
is one of the most common characteristics of
electronic circuits.
电容量
3232
Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for
seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome
characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.
季节性情绪紊乱症
The consequence of epochal events such as wars
and great scientific discoveries are not confined
to a small geographical area as they were in the
past.
“重大的” 划时代的
3333
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I
know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble
and modest.
目空一切的，傲慢的
A good supervisor can recognize instantly the
adept workers from the unskilled ones.
熟练的
3434
Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly
loquacious.
健谈的
Tom is considered an autocratic administer
because he makes decisions without seeking
the opinions of others.
独断专行的
3535
Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt
was never able to steal money from a customer.
This would have endangered his position at the
bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.
使…陷入危险，危及、危害
Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is
detrimental to your health. They also regard
drinking as harmful.
不利的，有害的
3636
It’s really cold tonight and my hands are
practically numb. How about lighting the
furnace?
冻僵的，冻得麻木的
The snake slithered through the grass.
滑动，滑行
3737
Insecticide is applied where it is needed.
-cide: act of killing
ecocide 生态灭绝
杀虫剂
He fell into a ditch and lay there,
semiconscious, for a few minutes.
semi-: half, partial semicircle
半清醒的，半昏迷的
3838
The modern age of medicine began with the
stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a
patient’s heartbeat and breathing.
听诊器
You would see prunes (which are dried plums)
and raisins (which are dried grapes).
李脯– 葡萄干
3939
Sally liked to concoct all sorts of stories, but
her mother always knew when she was lying.
编造
When it comes to manufactured goods there is
actually more diversity in this country than Europe
has ever known. The variety of goods carried by our
stores is the first thing that impresses any visitor
from abroad.
种类、品种
4040
Many cancers have been arrested with the use
of chemotherapy.
化学疗法
Fishes live in water and have fins which help them
to swim. Most fishes have slimy skins covered with
scales, but in fishes such as eels the scales are very
small and can hardly be seen.
鳍 – 滑溜的 – 鳞 – 一种鱼（鳗）
4141
Key to Exercises
4242
Comprehension of the Text (II)
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1. D
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5. A
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2. B
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6. C
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3. C
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7. A
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4. D
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8. B
43
Vocabulary (III)
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1. sake
for one’s sake
2. sacrificed
sacrifice … for …
3. crack
the crack of a gun 枪声
4. pursuing
5. explosive
explosive substances 爆炸物
44
Vocabulary (III)
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6. ovecome
overcome difficulties
7. indicated
8. opponents
beat one’s opponents
opponent / rival / enemy
9. stripped
be stripped of
10. denied
45
Vocabulary (IV)
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1. playing the role of
 acting as
2. most importantly 
above all
3. to benefit the  for
the sake of
4. , not…,  rather
than
5. decides to do
something  sets his
mind on something
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6. had prepared them for 
had set the stage for their
7. are quite familiar with 
are used to
8. direct all our attention to
 focus on
9. openly say that he had
cheated  charge him with
cheating
10. take part in  participate
in
4646