Unit One Culture Awareness
• Section A
• Time-Conscious Americans
• Section B
• Culture Shock
 Text Understanding
 Structure Analysis
 Words and Expressions
 Discussion
 Writing
 Understanding ( page 7 Ex. I )
 Structure Analysis
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1
Text Study—Structure Analysis
II. Structure Analysis
A. The Writing Model of the Passage
General Statement + Illustration + Emphasis
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1
Text Study—Structure Analysis
The general statement (Para.1~2)
• What does the writer want to tell us ?
time-conscious .
Americans are _____________
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1
Text Study—Structure Analysis
Illustration: (Para.3~7)
the foreigner’s first impression of the U.S
in a rush
Para.3: Everyone in the U.S. is __________.
quickly
Para.4: Americans start talking business______.
save time
Para.5-7: Americans work hard to__________.
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1
Text Study—Structure Analysis
Emphasis by contrast (Para.8)
Americans take it as a sign of skillfulness to
d o t h i n g s q u i c k l y, w h i l e t h e f o r e i g n e r s
consider it proper to take time doing things.
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Text Study—Structure Analysis
B. The way to develop paragraphs:
General Statement + Specific Details + Reason
The writer presents the general statement
by giving specific details, then telling the
reasons.
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1
Text Study—Structure Analysis
Work with your partner and find out the General
Statement, the specific details and the related reason
in Paragraph 3:
Tips
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Text Study—Structure Analysis
General statement:
Everyone is in a rush — often under pressure
_____________________________________.
Specific details :
city people, hurrying to …
1. _________________________________
working time, precious …
2. _________________________________
abrupt, people, push past …
3. drivers,
_________________________________
The reason:
This
is because people value time highly
__________________________________.
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1
Text Study—Structure Analysis
Paragraph 7 is also developed in this way. Now
pick out the general statement, specific details
and the reason in it.
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1
Text Study—Structure Analysis
General statement:
The U.S. is definitely a telephone country
_____________________________________.
Specific details :
everyone, telephone, conduct business …
__________________________________
The reason :
save, feet, time …
1. telephones,
___________________________________
2. Telephone
___________________________________
service, superb, postal service,
__________________________________
efficient …
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1
 Language Points
 Words Game
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Language Points
• Para. 1
• 1. 停滞不前： stand / keep / stay still
•
这间房子闲置着。 The room stands idle.
•
要坚定，不要让他们对你指手画脚。
• Stand firm --- don’t let them tell you what to do.
• 2. 进取，前进： move ahead / forward
• 3. 落后，落伍： fall behind / lag behind
• 4. be committed to: commit oneself to
• Mary is a committed nurse. ( devoted, dedicated )
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1
The team of Zhang Yimou
has been committed to
designing,
constructing
and rehearsing before the
opening ceremony of 2008
Olympics.
We are committed to withdrawing our troops by the end
of the year.
( having promised to be involved in a plan of action 承诺
过的）
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1
Time is one of the two elements that Americans
save carefully, the other being labor.
• adverbial clause: S+V-ing / -ed
• No further discussions arising, the meeting was
brought to an end. （英译汉）
• 译：没有作进一步讨论，会议就结束了。
• ____________
Lunch finished(吃完午饭), all the guests returned
to the sitting room.
• Everything _____________________,
taken into consideration his plan
seems to be more workable. （考虑在内）
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Para. 2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
slave to sth. to be very influenced by sth.
酒鬼：
a slave to drink / alcohol
a slave to money:
金钱的奴隶
译：她是个拼命赶时髦的人。
She is a slave to fashion.
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1
spend more
efficiently
plan how to
spend
• We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it,
cut it, account for it; we also charge for it.
reduce
explain how
to use
ask money
for sth.
Give examples to illustrate the verbs
E.g. We take plane back home to save time.
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1
budget
• She has made so many commitments that she
has to budget her time very carefully.
• The government has budgeted for
constructing a subway in the city.
• a family budget
• It is important to balance this year’s budget.
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1
Para. 3
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
in a hurry
in a rush
restlessly impatiently
race through meals / homework
within the time allowed
abrupt rough, offensive
take it seriously
take it personally
dislike
resent sb. doing sth.
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1
take (it) personally
• You mustn’t take her negative comments of your plan
personally.
cheer up
• take heart
do one’s best
• take pains
生根，扎根
• take root
成形，有显著发展
• take shape
• take stock of 估计，观察
• take the plunge take the risk
• take sth with a grain of salt 不能轻信某人
• You must always take what he says with a grain of salt.
he ia a born liar.
• 他的话你可不能轻信，他是个说谎不带脸红的人。
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1
Para. 4
• 开场白/寒暄
• 礼节性交流
opening exchange
ritual interaction
• 轻松悠闲的生意交谈 leisurely business chats
• 通过长时间的闲聊 over extended small talk
• 更不会
• 增进信任感
much less
develop a sense of trust
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1
convention
• Convention dictates that it is the man who asks
the woman to marry him and not the reverse.
• In many countries, it is a convention to wear
black at funerals.
• Where are they holding their party convention?
• The earliest Geneva Convention was signed in
1864.
• a convention on human rights
2
•
•
•
•
1
I find his art rather dull and conventional.
我觉得他的作品乏味俗套。
conventional weapons / bombs
nuclear weapons / missiles
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1
assess / estimate / evaluate
• The manager assessed an apartment on
the amount for which it is likely to be rented.
• It’s difficult to estimate the possible results
in advance.
• The teacher evaluates a student's thesis for
content and organization.
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1
much less do they take them out…
• much less
At the age of fourteen I had never even been on
a train, much less an aircraft.
• not to mention
He's one of the kindest and most intelligent, not
to mention handsome, men I know.
• let alone
Some students never read an English article
thoroughly, let alone a whole English book.
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1
Probe v. / n.
• The interviewer probed deep into her private life.
• Detectives questioned him for hours, probing for any
inconsistencies in his confession.
• The article probes the mysteries of nationalism in
modern Europe.
• The government waged
a probe into corruption
among officials.
• She asked me a few
probing questions.
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1
Para. 5
• 致力于，努力
work at
• 节省劳力的装置
labor-saving devices
• 直接接触
personal contacts
• 交通拥挤的道路
traffic-filled street
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Notes to the Text—Focus Study
• … which though pleasant, take
longer — especially given our trafficfilled streets.
given + n./ that clause ,
如果有……, 假如；考虑到……
Practice
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Notes to the Text—Focus Study
Translation
• 考虑到他们缺乏经验,他们算做得很出色了。
Given their inexperience they’ve done a good
• _____________________,
job.
•从她对孩子们的兴趣来看，教书应该是适合她的职业。
Given her interest in children teaching
•________________________,
should be the right career for her.
 Matching Game
 Chinese to English
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1
Words and Expressions—Matching Game
Matching Game
__
c superb
__
f budget
__
d acute
e skillful
__
__
b restlessly
a conduct
__
a. carry out
b. impatiently
c. excellent, outstanding
d. fine, sharp
e. having or showing ability to
do sth. well
f. plan the spending of
2
Words and Expressions—C to E
1
Chinese to English
停滞不前
消磨时间
要价
承受压力
生活节奏
开场白/寒暄
礼节性交往
邮政服务
金钱的奴隶
直接接触
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
stand still
kill time
charge (money) for sth.
be under pressure
pace of life
opening exchanges
ritual interaction
postal service
slave to money
personal contacts
 Group Work
Page 7 Ex. II
Discussion & Class Report
2
Idea Sharing
1
Tips
• Americans … while Chinese …
• Americans are always … while Chinese …
• Americans treat time as … while Chinese
regards time as …
 Structure Writing
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1
Writing—Structure Writing
I. Structure Writing
A General Statement Supported
by Specific Details & Reasons
Normally, a writer presents his statement
at the beginning of a paragraph, and
supports it with specific details, then he’ll
briefly tell readers the reason(s).
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Writing—Structure Writing
Sample Writing
A general point : Computers will play an
increasingly important role in our daily life.
Specific details:
1. Computers measure brain activity.
2. Computers evaluate and treat
sickness.
3. Computers in car show us routes,
take money from our bank.
4. Home computers take care of
regular duties at home.
The reason:
Computers
are working
efficiently.
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1
Writing—Structure Writing
Tips for writing effective sentences:
• Decide the topic.
• Write the topic sentence .
•Turn the topic sentence into HOW & WHY
question.
•Before writing, outline details & reasons
of the questions.
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Writing—Structure Writing
Sample
Computers will play an increasingly important
role in our daily life. Computers could measure
brain activity to determine the quality of our
work. Doctors will use computers to evaluate
and identify motor problems, figure out repair
costs and locate repair shops. Home computers
will take care of regular duties at home, help
with homework and order food. This is because
computers can work more efficiently for us.
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Writing—Structure Writing
Your Task
Write a composition about 100 words with
the given topic. Use the writing skill we just
discussed in this unit.
Topic
Protection of the environment has become a
major concern of society
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Writing—Structure Writing
Tips
Specific details:
• teachers & pupils, specific meeting, discuss
the protection of environment
• city planners, environment problems,
take … into consideration
• factories, reduce pollution, at a high cost
The reason:
• bad air & water pollution affect everyone,
• cities to survive, businesses to make a profit
For your reference
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Writing—Structure Writing
(For reference)
Protection of the environment has become a major concern
of society. In junior schools, teachers and pupils have
specific meetings to discuss the questions of environment.
City planners will take environmental problems into serious
consideration. Factories will take every possible measure to
reduce pollution even at a very high cost. This is because
people realize bad air and water pollution affect everyone,
making it difficult for cities to survive and for businesses to
make a profit.