What is a phrase?
Definition:
A phrase is a small group of
words that adds meaning to a word.
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What is noun phrase?
Definition:
A noun phrase is a group of words
that does the work of noun.
A noun phrase is either a pronoun
or any group of words that can be
replaced by a pronoun.
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Examples
they, bicycles, student, teachers,
and the bicycles are noun phrase,
but bicylce is just a noun, as you
can see in these sentences ( in
which the noun phrases are all in
italics).
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Short conversation
Q: Do you like bicycles?
 A: Yes, I like them.
 Q: Do you like the bicyles over there?
 A: Yes, they are nice.
 Q: Do you like the bicycles I bought last
week?
 A: Yes, I like it.( it refers to the bicyle).

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STRUCTURES OF NOUN PHRASE
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Noun pre-modifiers:
Modifiers before the noun are called premodifier. (modify means to limit, restrict,
characterise, or otherwise focus
meaning).
All of the pre-modifier that are present
and the noun together form a noun
phrase.
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
Noun post-modifier: Modifiers coming
after a noun are called post-modifiers.
1) NOUN PHRASE: Premodifier+ noun.
EXAMPLE:
White house: here white is a premodifier and
a house is a noun.
The three old democratic legislator: here the
three old democratic is premodifier and
legislator is a noun.
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2) NOUN PHRASE: Noun + post-modifier
( the most common post-modifier is
prepositional phrases)
Example:
The glass on the table: here on the
table is post-modifier.
The boy in the store: here in the store is
post-modifier.
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
3) NOUN PHRASE:
Premodifier + noun+ post-modifier.
Example:
The boys on top of the house are………..
Here the is premodifier, boys is the
noun, on top of the house is postmodifier.
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EXPANSION OF NOUN PHRASE
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Noun
Pronoun
Personal person( name)
Determiner + noun
Determiner + adjective + noun
Determiner + adj+present part+ noun.
Determiner + noun + prepositional phrase.
Determiner + adj + noun+ pre.phrase.
Determiner + adj+ present part+n +pre.p.
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What is determiner?
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Definition: Determiners are words that are
used with noun to clarify the noun.
 To define something or someone
 To state the amount of people, things or other
nouns.
 To state possessive
 To state something or someone is specifict
 To state how things or people are distributed.
 To state the difference between noun.
 To state someone or something is not
specifict.
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DETERMINER
ARTICLES: a, an, the.
 DEMONSTRATIVES: this, that, which.
 POSSESSIVE: my, your, their.
 QUANTIFIERS: few, a few, many, much.
 NUMBERS: one, two, three.
 ORDINALS: first, second, third.

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KINDS OF DETERMINER
1) Pre-determiners
2) Central determiners
3) Post-determiners.
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What is pre-determiner?
Definition : Pre-determiners are words
that are used to put in front of other
determiners in noun phrase.
They fall into four subsets:
a) the subset all, both, half……
All the children
Both the boys
Half the children
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b) Multipliers that consisting of:
 1) the subset: once, twice, and thrice.
Once a day
Twice a day
Thrice a day
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2) the subset: double, treble,
quadruple.
They now earn double their previous
salary.
3) Multiplyingexpression headed by
times:
ten times the fatalities
three times a day
four times each month.
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c) fraction other than half:
one-tenth the speed
two- third the time
 d) exclamative what which can precede
the indefinite article:
what a day
what a happy occasion.
such a friend.
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What is central determiner?

Definition:
Central determiners are words that are
used to put after pre-determiners(not all).
Example:
four times a day.
two-third the time.
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Central determiners are
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articles
demonstratives
possessive determiners
interrogative determiners
relative determiners
nominalrelative determiners ( which )
wh-conditional determiners( whatever)
indefinite determiners( some, any )
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What is post-determiner?

Definition:
Post-determiners are words that are
used to put after predeterminer and
central determiner.
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Post- determiner fall into four subsets
a) cardinals:
all my six children.
b) primary ordinals:
her twenty-first birthday.
General ordinals:
both her other daughters.
Primary quantifiers
all your few suggestions
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What is modifier?
Definition:
A modifier is a word or sentence element
that limits or qualifies another word, a
phrase or a clause.
 Forms of modifiers:
1) Adjective
2) adverb

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How many kinds of modifiers are there?
PRE- MODIFIER
POST-MODIFIER
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What is pre-modifier of noun?
Definition:
Pre-modifiers are words that are used to
put before noun and modify noun.
 Pre-modifiers of noun:
1) adjective or adjective phrase
one single blood-pressure measurement.

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Noun
or Noun phrase:
It is a hundred and fifty pound job…..
-Ing participle
the coming weeks
-ed participle
wasted natural resources
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- Genitive noun phrase
the old soldier’s way
- Numeral
six essays
-Adverb
the then managing editor
-Prepositional phrase
-Clause
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What is post-modifier of noun?

Definition:
Post-modifiers are words that are used
to put after noun.
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Post-modifiers of noun are:
1) Prepositional phrase
It is just a question of which is the more
efficient approach.
2) Finite relative clause
We don’t have a constitution which stops
government from legislating certain
things.
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3) Relative-ing participle clause
The air mass bringing the coldest
temperatures is the polar continental
mass which comes in from the Soviet
Union.
4) Relative-ed participle clause
It is a school project planned for the mine
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5)Relative infinitive clause
And again Fred when is the time to do it.
6)Appositive finite clause
It is really shorthand for the view that
well-being depends on more than the
absenceof the disease.
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8) Adverb
…so you arrived the day before did you.
9) Adjective
Uhm let me fine you something ethnic.
10) Noun Phrase
He is in his address this morning.
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FUNCTIONS OF NOUN PHRASE
1) Subject
My old laptop is not working now.
2) Directive object
……sign your name there.
3) Indirect object
I always tell people I am not a teacher.
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4) Subjective predicate
Uh faith has been a gift for me.
5) Objective predicate
I called this little talk a survey of global
economic crisis.
6) Complement of preposition
Uhm but why isn’t it in French.
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7) Premodifier of a noun or noun
phrase
Simon’s on this revision course……..
8) Vocative
You are a snob, Dad.
9) Adverbial
The flag goes up far side.
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10) Premodifier of adjective
The plane was 4 hourrs late.
11) Premodifier of preposition
He revealed Washington had informed
the Kremlin an hour before the start of
the assault.
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12) Premodifier of adverb
Now Mercedes have always been good
at insulting their car but they are gone a
stage further with this.
13) Post-modifier of noun
Women may suffer from lack of
acceptable because too many of the
men their age are dead.
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14) Post-modifier of adjective
We are short fifteen dollars.
END !
End !
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