CONTENTS
1. Orthodox Church
2. Buddhist Temple
3. Mosque
4. Synagogue
5. Curiosity
ORTHODOX CHURCH
Christianity
Roman Catholic,
Church
Greco Catholic
Protestant
Reformation
Orthodox
How does Orthodox Church look like?
Orthodox church is build on
acclivity. This is a building on a
cruciform, circular or rectangle
plan. Temples have got a lot of
domes which symbolize heaven.
Different numbers of domes
mean different things, for
example 1 dome symbolizes
the only God, 7 domes - seven
sacraments, 33 domes mean years
of Christ’s life.
Inside they are divided into:
• Porch,
• Main nave (pews are under walls),
• Iconostasis (in front of the altar.)
,,Iconostasis” means ,,Icon-stand” and
it can be as simple as a large image of
Christ on the right and a corresponding
image of Virgin and Child on the left),
• Altar (the most sacred place, turns to
eastern direction because they believe
that east represents a paradise. On the
altar there are throne, sacrificial table
and a place for coadjutor).
WHAT ARE THE MAIN SYMBOLS IN
O RT H O D OX C H U RC H ?
The most important symbol of this religion is
eight – arm cross. The top beam, also seen on the Patrialchal
cross, represents the plaque bearing Pontius Pilate’s
inscription „Jesus the Nazorean, King of the Jews”.
The lower beam represents a foot – support and began
appearing in Eastern Chrisitian art in the 6th century.
The purpose of the suppendaneum was to support
the weight of the body.
We do not know whether such a device existed on Jesus’s
cross. A popular interpretation
of the slanted suppedaneum
is to symbolize a balance –
scale showing the good
thief St. Dismas,
having accepted Christ,
would ascend to heaven,
while the thief
who mocked Jesus would
descend to hell. With this,
the Cross is a balance –
scale of justice.
HOW SHOULD YOU BEHAVE
IN ORTHODOX TEMPLE?
1.Holy Communion should be administered into the mouth.
2. We maintain respect for all.
3. Attract men in a church hat, no chewing gum and talking
loudly.
4. You can never take communion in orthodox because it
would mean a change religion.
5. Rules of behavior are similar as in Catholic Church.
WHAT IS THE CENTRAL PLACE IN
O RT H O D OX C H U RC H ?
The most
important place is
the altar and
behind there is
the wall of the
icons.
H OW D O P E O P L E P R AY ?
The bulk of Sunday Masses are involved and
people even like to go to church because the church
is a place of socializing with neighbours and friends.
Worship services are celebrated for quite a while
(about 3 hours) and few people remain in the temple
all the time.
The faithful come out during
the Mass, to cut a chat with
friends outside the church, then
come back or not - depending on
your mood. People pray standing.
BUDDHIST TEMPLE
HOW DOES BUDDHIST TEMPLE
LOOK LIKE?
Buddhist temple is a building on an axial and
symmetric plan. Buildings are constructed on a simple
axis from the north to the south.
The Temple consists of
the main gate-Samon,
Buddha’s hall-Butsudem
and pavilion for Buddhist monks .
Every building has a separate court.
In reality, main buildings
are surrounded by other
buildings. For example,
a bridge above the stream
or a pond which
symbolizes passage
between our world to
Budda’s World. In a court
grows a fig aśwattha
because Buddha meditated
under such tree.
The important building is Budda’s hall.This pavilion
has got the front door and the rear door. There are 12
pillars and 11 statues of Buddha. Inside there are
golden jewels and flowers.
WHAT ARE THE MAIN
SYMBOLS IN BUDDHISM ?
1.Bindu - a dot on
the forehead
2 Lotus Flower –
symbolizes the purity
of heart and mind.
3.Wheel of Dharma - the circle of life and
learning. It symbolizes the Eighfold Path: right
view, right intention, right speech, right action,
right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness
and right concentration.
4.Swastika - the symbol most commonly
associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazis
while in Asia it's commonly used symbol of
good luck and prosperity.
HOW SHOULD YOU BEHAVE
IN BUDDHIST TEMPLE?
1. Before entering the temple your shoes must be off.
2. Inside you should be dressed modestly.
3. After entry perform three obeisances towards the altar, and if
the Lama is seated on the throne - then we bow in front of him.
4. We offer lighted lamps, incenses lamps.
5. To meditate, we sit on the floor with your legs crossed.
6.Bow your head and pay respect to the temple
and the Buddha statues.
7.Do not point at Buddha statues, Monks,
Nuns with your feet.
8.Keep your head below Buddha statues, images,
honorable Monks and Nuns.
9.Do not touch (especially on the head)
Buddha statues, images, Monks, Nuns and elders.
10.Refrain from pubic displays of affection.
WHAT IS THE CENTRAL PLACE?
The central
place in
Buddhist
temple is
Stupa. In this
place are kept
Buddha’s relic.
HOW DO PEOPLE PRAY?
Most of them sit on the floor with their
legs crossed towards the altar or Lama.
Buddhists don’t pray to a Creator God, but
they do have meditation practices which
could be compared to praying. Buddhist
meditation is fundamentally concerned with
two themes: transforming the mind and
using it to explore itself and other
phenomena.
Tibetans pray in a special
way. They believe that when
certain sounds and words,
called mantras, are said
many times, they arouse
good vibrations within
the person. If a mantra is
repeated often enough it
can open up the mind to
a consciousness which is
beyond words and thoughts.
MOSQUE
H OW D O E S M O S Q U E L O O K L I K E ?
Mosque this is a building on a rectangle plan with domes, arcades and
pillars. Next to the main building there are tall towers-minarets.
The minarets were mostly used to call believers to prayer as it was
the highest point of the mosque more people would be able to hear.
The most important room is a prayer hall.
In this place Muslims pray to Allah.
In a prayer hall there aren’t pews
or pictures of Saints. The only
ornaments are verses of Koran.
WHAT ARE THE MOST
I M P O R TA N T S Y M B O L S ?
1.An appropriate symbol of Islam is the shahada written in black
letters on white background or white letters on a black
background.
2. Much more often, however, as a symbol of Islam
is treated a crescent (Arabic - Hilal).
3. The basis of the faith of Islam is its Holy Book,
the Koran, which contains all the major doctrinal
principles of the religion.
HOW SHOULD YOU BEHAVE?
1. Before entering the carpets' Mosque,
please remove your shoes.
2. Inside you should be dressed
modestly.
3. Women should have a head covering
(bandana) and covered shoulders.
4. A dress or skirt should reach at least
the knees.
WHAT IS THE CENTRAL
PLACE?
The central place in
the Mosque is mimbar pulpit and a traditional
mihrab, which indicates
the direction to Mecca.
HOW DO PEOPLE PRAY?
A Call is made from the mosque, indicating that it is
time for the obligatory prayer. There are five
obligatory prayers in a day. On hearing the Call, people
start preparing themselves for the prayer.
The faithful kneel and touch the carpet with their
forehead.
M U S L I M S P R AY T O O N E G O D W I T H O U T
A S S O C I A T I N G A N Y PA R T N E R S W I T H H I M . T H E Y
P R AY FAC I N G T H E H O LY M O S Q U E I N T H E C I T Y
O F M E C C A . FAC I N G T H I S M O S Q U E I S S I M P LY
FOR UNIFORMITY AND HOMOGENEITY IN
T H E P R AY E R S O F A L L M U S L I M S A RO U N D T H E
WORLD AND NOT AS AN ACT OF WORSHIP TO
T H E M O S Q U E I T S E L F.
While standing, the first chapter of
the Koran is recited.
“In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds. Most Gracious,
Most Merciful. Master of the Day of Judgment. Thee
(alone) we worship and Thee (alone) we ask for help.
Show us the straight path. The path of those whom Thou
hast favoured; Not the (path) of those who earn Thine
anger nor of those who go astray.” (1:1-1:7)
After the first chapter, any other passage from
the Koran is recited.
While bowing
Muslims then bow to God and
glorify Him. This glorification
can be translated
as follows.
“Glory
be to my Lord, the Almighty.”
While Prostrating
To express complete submission and humility before God,
Muslims then prostrate and place their foreheads
on the ground. According to the prophetic traditions,
at this moment of humility, the worshipper is the closest to his/her Lord.
While prostrating, Muslims glorify God as follows.
“Glory be to my Lord,
the most High.”
While sitting
In the end Muslims sit. At this point they testify before God that
there is none worthy of worship but Him and that Muhammad is
His slave and His Messenger. Muslims
then ask God to send His peace and
blessings on His Messenger Muhammad
as He did on Prophet Abraham.
At the very end, Muslims turn their
face to the right and the left, sending
God’s Peace on those surrounding
them.
SYNAGOGUE
HOW DOES SYNAGOGUE LOOK LIKE?
Synagogue means the home of God or the house of
meeting. From outside a synagogue doesn’t differ
much from other buildings in town. Every model of
the temple resembles the First Jerusalem’s Temple. The
building is divided into two parts: Downstairs there is
a place for men and upstairs on the balcony there is
a place for women. Men and women sit separately in
synagogues to avoid "inappropriate" behaviors .
Walls and pillars are
decorated with a stucco.
This is a material made of
an aggregate, a binder, and
water. The stucco is
applied wet and hardens
to a very dense solid. It is
used as decorative coating
for walls and ceilings and
as a sculptural and artistic
material in architecture.
WHAT ARE THE MAIN
SYMBOLS?
Menorah – symbolizes the ideal of universal enlightenment. The seven
branches allude to the branches of human knowledge, represented by
the central lamp. The Menorah also symbolises the creation in seven days,
with the centre light representing the Sabbath.
2. Star of David – six points
represent God’s absolute rule
over the universe in all six
directions: north ,south , east,
west, up and down. People also
believe that the triangles
represent humanity’s dual
nature – good and evil – and
that the star could be used as
a protection against evil spirits.
HOW SHOULD YOU BEHAVE?
1. Worship the cross and pray with the Jews in
the synagogue with the adopted headgear.
2. Maintain respect for all.
3. Attract men in a church hat, not chewing gum
and not talking loudly.
4. Women and men may be asked to move to their
designated sectors or parts of the synagogue.
5. Both men and women
should be modestly
dressed. Men should
have special caps –
yarmulka , women
musn’t have naked arms.
6. Everyone can
participate in worship.
7. Do not visit the
synagogue during
prayers.
WHAT IS THE CENTRAL PLACE?
The central place in the temple is Bimah. It is the elevated
area or a platform in a Jewish synagogue which is intended to
serve the place where the person reading aloud from the Torah
stands during the Torah reading service. Behind the Bimah there
is the most important place in synagogue –
The Torah Ark or Ark in a synagogue
(Jewish house of worship).
It is generally a
receptacle, or ornamental
closet, which contains each
synagogue's Torah scrolls
(Sifrei Torah in Hebrew).
In most cases, when
possible, the ark is located
on the wall of the
synagogue closest to
Jerusalem. This place
resembles Jews gate to
heaven.
HOW DO PEOPLE PRAY?
People meet not only for prayer, but also to talk and
discuss. The Jews attend synagogue several times a day. Their
religion is a bit different than ours. The duty of every Jew is
a prayer - it takes place several times during the day, in
a certain place, in a certain way. For such a prayer they must
be prepared. To recite the traditional prayers ten men are
needed.
CURIOSITY
ORTHODOX
 Priests can get married.
 Their book is Bible.
 They pray kneeling and standing.
 The Orthodox must pray three times
a day.
MUSLIMS
They pray five times a day. They think that
you should say your prayers in a sincere way
and you should believe fully. You should pray
for other people. If you want to go to
mosque, you must leave your shoes outside.
THE FI VE PI LLARS OF I SLAM
1. Publicly proclaim the confession of faith.
2. To pray five times a day.
3.Give alms to the poor.
4. By a month of fasting from dawn to sunset.
5. At least once in a lifetime pilgrimage to Mecca.
BUDDISM
Buddha is not only the
founder of Buddhism,
but we call a Buddha
every person who
has reached Nirvana.
GRAPH :RELIGION IN THE WORLD
Orthodox Buddism Muslim
Jewish
Building
Orthodox
Church
Buddist
Temple
Mosque
Synagogue
God
Jesus Christ
Buddha
Allah
Jahwe
Priests
Orthodox
priest (pops)
Monks
Caliphs
Rabbi
Holy Book
The Bible
-
The
Koran
The Torah
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
Made by:
Alicja Nogala
Barbara Mamoń
Izabela Ryszka