Oral Training & Expressions 2012 New Taipei City Elementary Schools Pre-service English Teachers Training Program Class A/B/C Aug. 21, 22, 23, 2013 Rae Lan, Ph.D. Foreign Languages & Applied Linguistics National Taipei University Email: raelan@gm.ntpu.edu.tw 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Agenda • Warm-up activity- (AKA film & discussion) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igNGdDIIjCY • Becoming a fluent & competent speakerUsing Communication Strategies • Giving oral presentation • Before, During and After strategies • 1-2-3-4 speech activity • Presenting like Steve Jobs (2min salesman) • Your body language shapes who you areAmy Cuddy (TED talk) • Communicative Language Teaching Activities 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Warm-Up Activity Audrey Keiko Azuma A short film directed by Stanley Nakazono *What is an asianphile? *What are the two metaphors used *What is the story about? Q: What strategies did you apply to help yourself understand the film? 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 What do competent speakers do? Using expectations & context Understanding input Speaking with a purpose Focusing on the main points Paying attention to details Verbal and non-verbal communication 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Factors Affecting a Speaking Task Situations oral presentation real-time communication Types of output Purposes speech based on a given topic impromptu speech casual conversation discussion based on given topics to achieve one-way communication to achieve two-way communication 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Communication Strategies No comprehensive list of strategies has been agreed on by Second Language Acquisition researchers, but some commonly-used strategies have been observed: Paraphrasing Substitution Coining new words Language switch Asking for clarification Non-verbal strategies Avoidance 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Communication Strategies Paraphrasing- This refers to learners using different words or phrases to express their intended meaning. For example, if learners do not know the word grandfather they may paraphrase it by saying "my father's father". Substitution- Learners may avoid a problematic word by using a different one, for example substituting the irregular verb make with the regular verb ask. The regularity of "ask" makes it easier 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 to use correctly. Communication Strategies Coining new words- This refers to learners creating new words or phrases for words that they do not know. For example, a learner might refer to an art gallery as a "picture place". Language switch- Learners may insert a word from their first language into a sentence, and hope that their interlocutor will understand. 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Communication Strategies Asking for clarification- The strategy of asking an interlocutor for the correct word or other help is a communication strategy. Non-verbal strategies- This can refer to strategies such as the use of gesture and mime to augment or replace verbal communication. 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Communication Strategies Avoidance- which takes multiple forms, has been identified as a communication strategy. Learners of a second language may learn to avoid talking about topics for which they lack the necessary vocabulary or other language skills in the second language. Also, language learners sometimes start to try to talk about a topic, but abandon the effort in mid-utterance after discovering that they lack the language resources needed to complete their message.[ 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Giving oral presentations • Know the needs of your audience • Practice and rehearse your speech • Know what your strong and weak points are. • Dress appropriately for the occasion. • Appear relaxed, even if you feel nervous. • Establish rapport with your audience. • Body language is important. • Speak with conviction 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Giving oral presentations • Do not read from notes • Maintain sincere eye contact • Speak to your audience, listen to their questions, respond to their reactions, adjust and adapt. • Pause • Add humor • Use audio-visual aids • Have handouts ready • Know when to STOP talking. 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Before your oral presentation • P.O.E.M. • Choose the right topic • talk about what you know the best • talk about what you are most interested in • Search and research information • Use resources • people and multimedia • Practice makes perfect 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 During your oral presentation • Use a good and effective starter • Use good connections words • Use appropriate gestures and body language • Be confident and act confidently • Give good eye contact to your audience • Smiles make a difference • Use appropriate props • Time control 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 After your oral presentation • Finish with a nice touch • Watch out your courtesy • Keep smiling and looking confident • Self-evaluation • Write down your strengths and weaknesses • List down what needs to be improved • Ask for suggestions and feedback 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Real Time Communication • Predicting about the topic, if possible • Know your conversation partner(s) • Pay attention to verbal and non-verbal cues • facial expression • gestures and body language • voice and intonation • Use expressions to get yourself more time • Change subject if needed 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 1-2-3-4 Speech Activity Rotating the two roles Speaker 1 Commentator 2 Speaker 2 Commentator 3 Speaker 4 Commentator 1 Speaker 3 Commentator 4 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Preparation- Formula language Opening Closing Giving Feedback 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Formula language- Opening Opening- Attention getters Asking a question Using statistics Giving a quotation Making an unusual statement Showing a good sense of humor 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Formula language- Closing Using signaling phrases In conclusion, … To sum up, … Last but not the least, … In a nutshell, Thank you for your time & attention Do you have any questions? 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Formula language- Giving Feedback Thank you for a wonderful / insightful / nice speech. I think you did a fabulous job in using a terrific attention getter, being very well-organized / wellprepared / well-rehearsed, having great time control, using effective body language, giving great eyecontact, sharing your personal experience, showing a very good sense of humor, having rich / informative / interesting contents. However, I believe you would do a better job if you could pay more attention to the _______________ 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Making PPT Slides Avoiding the Pitfalls of Bad Slides Outlines Slide Structure Fonts Color Background Graphs Spelling and Grammar Conclusions Questions Credits: Avoiding the Pitfalls of Bad Slides 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Effective Public Speaking Strategies • Introducing the Toastmaster Public Speaking Skills: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AykYRO5d_lI • Presenting like Steve Jobs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RHX-xnP_G5s • The importance of Body Language in Presentations http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqqiDw58NSE • Great openings and closings http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyE1Kz0e--0 • Overcoming nerves when giving a presentation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbDipVRt5aE • 8 Secrets to success http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6bbMQXQ180 • Richard St. John http://www.richardstjohn.com/content/author/fullbio.php 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Presentation strategies Presenting like Steve Jobs! Set the theme Provide an outline Open & close each section with a clear transition Demonstrate enthusiasm Make numbers and statistics meaningful Analogies help connect the dots for your audience Make it visual Paint a simple picture that doesn’t overwhelm Give them a show Identify your memorable moment & build up to it Rehears, Rehearse, and Rehearse And one more thing,… 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Topics for Pratice What are your strengths as a potential candidate for a job in tourism industry? How do you promote local tourism in your home town? Please run the SWOT analysis for tourism in Taiwan? What are your tips for successful time management? What elements are must for an ideal company you would like to work for? What are the pros and cons of online shopping Measuring & rewarding students’ positive performance What are the tips for a successful PPT presentation 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Reflection and Self-evaluation • • • • An extra role for the 1-2-3-4 Speech activity Incorporating Technology and Gadget Record-keeping for self-viewing Courtesy and Peer Critique 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Wanna Be a Backpacker? What is “backpacking”? What is “gap year”? What does a backpacker do? What is the major difference between “backpacking” and “flashpacking”? Which three countries are good for flashpacking? Task: Jigsaw Reading (handout) 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 What Makes a Professional Tour Guide IInformation PPoliteness • Patience • Perseverance • Interpersonal skills • • • • • Knowledge Certification Language skill Confidence Wellorganized • Problem solving skills 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 EEnthusiasm • Passion • Compassion • Detailoriented What Is Special Interest Tourism? What is Special Interest Tours? Dark Tourism: http://www.bized.co.uk/educators/16-19/tourism/special/activity/special1.htm Task: Defining the various special interest tourism ( pair work / fill in blanks / exchange paper / ask a question) 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Special Interest Tours Culinary Tourism Backpacking Agritourism Sports Tourism LGBT Tourism Pop Culture Tourism Medical Tourism Extreme Tourism Religious Tourism 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Dark Tourism Space Tourism Heritage Tourism On-line resources for self study • TED.com http://www.ted.com/talks • Amy Cuddy: Your body language shapes who you are http://www.ted.com/talks/amy_cuddy_your_body_language_shapes_who_you_are.html • Yang Lan: The generation that's remaking China http://www.ted.com/talks/yang_lan.html • YouTube.com In your Facebook http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvjIs-fBFok • Voice of America: http://www.voanews.com/ • CNN http://edition.cnn.com/ 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習 Assignments Individual work: • Please review the videos assigned and apply strategies learned in preparing for your 3minute speech on any of your preferred topic Group work: • Please create a list of classroom English based on one of the classroom routineswarm-up, review, presentation, practice, game and activity, wrap-up, homework. 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習