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8/17/10
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Peter and the Messianic Woes (The Great Trib.)

1 and 2 Peter were written in the midst of
severe persecution.

Peter exhorts his readers to faithfulness in the
light of impending relief from that persecution

Peter promises them relief and vindication very
soon– Their suffering is only for a short time

8/17/10will be at the parousia–
2
Their vindication / relief
2
in fulfillment of God’s OT promises to Israel.

There was a dominant view in Judaism
that just prior to the glorious advent of
Messiah, there would be a time of intense
suffering that Israel would experience.

It would refine the remnant- destroy
the wicked.

This was called the Messianic Woes, The
Birth Pangs of Messiah, Jacob’s Trouble,
etc.

Mark Dubis– Messianic Woes in Peter
Peter-Suffering
andWoes
The End
 Emile Schurer– Messianic
8/17/10
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The OT Background of Peter’s Sufferings

Peter’s audience– Anticipating the fulfillment
of God’s OT promises to Israel (1:10f)

Brant Pitre (Tribulation, 187)– “According to
the O. T., the resurrection itself would be
preceded by a period of great tribulation.”...
“Daniel 12 is the most explicit prophecy of
resurrection in the Hebrew Old Testament.
Strikingly,
this
description
of
the
resurrection is preceded by the Great
Tribulation.”

Suffering was part of the end time scheme!
8/17/10
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Messianic Woes And the EndOT

In the OT, suffering –The Tribulationalways precedes the kingdom /
resurrection / salvation!

Isaiah 24:10-19- judgment of city of
confusion/ destruction of earth– v. 21–
YHVH reigns!

25:1-12– Destruction of city and Temple
v. 1-3; Messianic Banquet, resurrection
and salvation (v. 6-9)

26:16-19– In trouble they (Israel) visited
8/17/10
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you… As a woman
in travail– no
5
Messianic Woes And the EndOT

In the OT, The Tribulation-always precedes
the kingdom / resurrection / salvation!

Micah 5:1-5– I will give them up until she
who is in labor has given birth.. Then the
remnant of His brethren shall return…

Daniel 12:1-7– great tribulation
immediately before the resurrection

Hosea 13:12-13– “The iniquity of
Ephraim is bound up, his sin is stored up.
The sorrows of a woman in childbirth shall
8/17/10
6
take hold on him…
I will ransom them
6
Isaiah- Hosea- Tribulation and Resurrection

Isa. 25– Tribulation (destruction of city)
followed by Messianic Banquet, resurrection
/ salvation

Hos. 13– Time of trouble (abandonment/
judgment) followed by resurrection.

Fact: Paul’s doctrine of the resurrection was
based on, and nothing other than Isa. 25 /
Hos. 13 (1 Cor. 15:54f)!
How then can we divorce the time of
the Great Tribulation from the time of
the resurrection?
8/17/10
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
7
The Tribulation and the Resurrection

The resurrection of 1 Corinthians 15 is the
resurrection of Isaiah 25 / Hosea 13.

The resurrection of Isaiah 25 / Hosea 13
would occur at the time of the Tribulation
on Israel.

That tribulation on Israel would be “when
the power of the holy people was
completely shattered” i.e. in AD 70.
 Therefore,
the resurrection of 1
Corinthians 15 was in AD 70
8/17/10
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Daniel 9-Tribulation-Glory

Prophets foretold suffering of Christ and the
glory to follow (1 Peter 1:10f).

Daniel 9 foretold the suffering of Christ (v.
26)– the abomination– Great Trib.!– followed by
the glory of the kingdom!

Suffering therefore, was part of the end times
schema. Peter’s audience was experiencing that
suffering just before “the end”– foretold by
Daniel


Glory was about to be revealed!
No postponement– 8/17/10
No failure– No alteration! 9
9
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Daniel 12
 Great
Tribulation
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 Time
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The Great Trib. and the Parousia
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(eutheos) after the
tribulation of those days, they shall
see the Son of Man coming…
 If
Peter and his audience was
experiencing what Daniel 9 and 12
foretold, and if they were
experiencing what Jesus foretold in
Mat. 24, the consummation was truly
near!
8/17/10
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Suffering and the End

In the OT (and Judaism) suffering of the
last days would lead to the appearance of
Messiah– Peter agreed!

Salvation ready to be revealed

Suffer only a little while

Suffering was filling the measure

Christ was ready to judge the living/dead

End had drawn near

Appointed Time (kairos) had come for the
8/17/10
judgment
(epiteleo)
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Suffering And Relief in 1 Peter

I Pet. 1:5f-suffer A Little While -Ready To Be
Revealed- Peter agrees with other writers!

Matthew 23– This generation!

Present Sufferings– Glory About To Be Revealed

2 Cor. 4:16f- Light Affliction- For A Moment Eternal Glory

2 Thes. 1:7- To You Who Are Troubled, Rest

Heb. 10-took Spoiling Of Goods--a Very Little
While

James. 5- Be Patient
Until…At Hand!
8/17/10
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Partakers of the Sufferings of Christ
 1 Peter 4:13- “Rejoice that you are
partakers of the sufferings of Christ”

1 Peter 5:9- “The same afflictions are
being accomplished (epiteleo) among
your brethren in the world.”

Col. 1:24-Paul said he and the apostleswith the early church- was filling up the
measure of Christ’s suffering.

Matthew 23:34f– The measure of
eschatological sin / suffering would be
filled up in the first
century- Rev. 6:9f…
8/17/10
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1 Peter
 Revelation
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Revelation and the Great
Tribulation

Rev. 7:14-- 144K–The full number of those in 6:9f!

These come out of the Great Tribulation

Time foretold by Isaiah 25-26 (Messianic woes,
26:9f) / 49:6-8 fulfilled in 7:14- 22:1-3
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Rv. 14:2-4-144K- “the first fruit of those
redeemed to God from man”

The first generation of the Jewish converts of
Christ– redeemed by his blood

The Great Tribulation experienced by the
144K– in the first century– Peter’s
audience!

8/17/10
This means the end truly was near!
1
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Implications for Futurism #1

The implications of Peter’s doctrine of
suffering and eschatology are profound.

Daniel 9 and Daniel 12 posit the Great
Tribulation at the time of the judgment of
Israel.

Jesus posited the Great Tribulation at the
judgment of Jerusalem.

Amillennialists and postmillennialists
agree!
 Problem!
8/17/10
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Implications for Futurism #2

Peter is addressing the church!

They were enduring suffering

They would receive relief, vindication
at the revelation of Christ

That “apocalupsis” was very near.

But!!-- Dispensationalism says the
church is not on earth, being
persecuted, at the time of Christ’s
coming!
 Peter’s
8/17/10
epistle falsifies
1
9
Summary and Conclusion

Peter was drawing on the OT promises of
the end times sufferings, from IsaiahDaniel, Hosea, etc.

He also draws from Jesus’ Olivet Sermon

Those prophecies foretold a time of
intense suffering just before the end.

His allusions to Daniel are especially
relevant

Peter’s affirmations of the nearness of the
end– in that context–
8/17/10take on a great
2
0
urgency– and objective meaning
Summary and Conclusion

Peter’s affirmations of the end must be
taken objectively:

This means that the salvation of Israel was
near.

The salvation for the nations– for you and
me– was also very near.

The eternal inheritance is now ours, in
Christ.

The awful suffering experienced by Peter’s
audience– The Messianic Woes– gave way
8/17/10
to the Messianic Banquet
and eternal life! 21
8/17/10
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1 Peter- Exodus- Restoration

Second Exodus (Exile) motif permeates 1 Peter.

Exodus (suffering) before Inheritance

Peter’s imagery is also drawn from Hosea–
Exile, Temple, restoration (2:9f)

Hosea 8:8–9:17- Wanderers (plenetes) among
the Gentiles

Peter– Strangers and foreigners among the
Gentiles– diaspora-- wanderers– among the
Gentiles- cf. 1 Pt. 2:11– but would be restored
after that period of suffering / exile /
wandering– in the last
days (Hos 3:5)
8/17/10
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