Unit 3
• Prosperity, Depression and the New Deal (1919-1941)
• The Post-World War I period was characterized by
economic, social and political turmoil. Post-war prosperity
brought about changes to American popular culture.
However, economic disruptions growing out the years led
to worldwide depression. The United States attempted to
deal with the Great Depression through economic
programs created by the federal government.
Chapter 1: Racial Intolerance and the Red Scare
• Content Statement: Racial intolerance, anti-immigrant attitudes and the
Red Scare contributed to social unrest after World War I
• Expectations for Learning: Describe how racial intolerance, anti-immigrant
attitudes and the Red Scare contributed to social unrest after World War I.
Section 1: The Great Migration and Violence
Towards African-Americans
• Content Elaboration: The Great Migration of AfricanAmericans to northern cities heightened racial
tensions there and led to a series of urban race riots
in 1919. Lynchings and the enforcement of Jim Crow
legislation continued in the South during the postwar era. Racial intolerance also was seen in the
revival of the Ku Klux Klan across the United States.
The Great Migration and
Racial Tensions
• A. The Great Migration
– 1. Before war, most African-Americans lived in South
– 2. During war, many migrated north
• a. escape poverty: get jobs in factories making war items
• b. escape discrimination
– 3. Examples
• a. Cleveland: 300% increase
• b. Detroit: 600% increase
Comparison of African-Americans 1900-1930
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• B. Racial Tensions
–1. After war, whites came home
–2. African-Americans moved into
their neighborhoods
–3. whites jobs taken
–4. leads to
discrimination/violence
• C. Race Riots and Lynchings
– 1.
– 2.
– 3.
– 4.
Discrimination begins again
many bloody race riots in the city
thousands of lynchings took place
In the South, Jim Crow laws continued
Lynching
• Lynching is a characteristic of mob rule
and was not always done on the basis of
race. American history has always been
tinged with race and its mobs have used it
as a tactic to persecute AfricanAmericans. The Lynching of AfricanAmericans began after the Civil War and
in some ways continues to this day.
• D. The “new” Ku Klux Klan
•
1. Formed in the South and West
•
2. Used terror and violence
•
3. Hated:
•
a. blacks
•
b. Jews
•
c. Roman Catholics
•
d. all “foreigners”
•
4. Violence:
•
a. whipped and killed innocent people
•
b. burned buildings
•
c. seldom went to jail
•
5. KKK blamed these people for the problems:
•
a. race riots
•
b. lack of jobs
•
6. The Klan dominated some states and the
government
Section 2: Nativism
• Content Elaboration: An increase in immigration to
the United States from southern and eastern Europe
preceded World War I. Nativism after the war was
reflected in the passage of immigration quotas.
Intolerance toward immigrants, Catholics and Jews
was exhibited by groups such as the Ku Klux Klan.
Nativism
• Q: What is nativism?
• A: Fear of and antagonism toward foreigners
• B. Americans feared immigrants
– 1. Take their jobs
• C. Immigration Restriction League
•
1. Had to read in order to get into U.S.
• D. National Origins Act of 1924: reduced the amount of immigrants allowed in the
United States
•
1. Reduced quotas
•
2. Only 150,000 immigrants per year
•
3. Barred Chinese, Japanese, and Asians
Section 3: The Red Scare
• Content Elaboration: The success of the Bolshevik
Revolution in Russia followed by post-war labor
strikes and a series of bombs sent to public and
business officials in the United States stirred fears of
revolution among Americans. The Red Scare of
1919-1920 was a reaction to these perceived threats
and led to the incarceration and deportation of many
aliens.
Postwar Reaction
•
****The end of war did NOT bring peace to
Europe. Europe was torn apart and had many
problems. People revolted against their
governments
•
***In the U.S. the end of the war led to fear of
foreigners and radicals.
•
***The end of the war saw a large amount of
labor strikes. Many immigrants lost their
factory jobs immediately after the war.
The Red Scare
• 1. The Red Scare
– A. Bolshevik Revolution in Russia led to fear it may
happen in U.S.
– B. Factories that war supplies closed = immigrants
out of work = labor unrest = people saw these people
as violent radicals and threats
– C. Fear of communism, political violence, and labor
unrest known as THE RED SCARE
 International Workers of the World (IWW)
A. IWW = labor union
B. IWW = influenced by Socialist Party (Communism)
C. IWW = objected WWI and dodged draft
D. Seattle, Washington--shipyard strike led to many other
strikes in the city
E. U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer blames IWW
F. He tries, convicts and deports many leaders of the IWW
G. Most had done nothing wrong
H. Palmer also deports many other “radicals” across U.S.,
even if they did nothing wrong.
Sacco and Vanzetti
• Italian immigrants accused, tried, and killed for a
crime they probably did not commit.
OGT Multiple Choice
• Communists were also known as
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
“Blues”
“Grays”
“Yellows”
“Reds”
OGT Multiple Choice
• (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) Which of the following statements most
accurately describes the main reason for the African-American migration
of the 1920’s?
• A. The migration went from south to north to take advantage of the
north’s climate
• B. The migration went from south to north because of job opportunities
in the northern factories
• C. The migration went from north to south to take advantage of the
south’s climate
• D. The migration went from north to south because of job opportunities
in the south
OGT Multiple Choice
• The National Origins Act of 1924
• A. required that all immigrants be able to
read
• B. required that all immigrants be able to
speak English
• C. raised immigration quotas
• D. reduced immigration quotas
OGT Multiple Choice
• (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) During the Red Scare in the United States
after World War I, all of the following happened to immigrants EXCEPT
• A. more than 500 were deported without being charged of crimes
• B. immigration laws were passed permitting a larger number of
immigrants to enter the country
• C. two immigrants, Sacco and Vanzetti, were put to death on questionable
charges
• D. immigration laws were passed restricting the number of immigrants
entering the country
OGT Short Answer
•
Analyze two instances in which the rights of individuals
were restricted for immigrants during the Red Scare. (2
points)