Wheelock 18:
The Passive Voice
{
The passive voice will be learned by us.
You have learned…
 st
1 , 2nd, 3rd, 3rd-io, and 4th
conjugations
 Present, imperfect, and future
tenses (Present Active System)
 Perfect, pluperfect, and future
perfect tenses (Perfect Active
System)
st
nd
1 /2
Now for
conjugations in the
Present Passive
System
{
It will be enjoyed.
{
Active Voice
I love.
 I kick the ball.

{
Passive Voice
I am loved.
 The ball is kicked by
me.

What is passive voice?
- The subject of the sentence is
receiving an action.
Make each sentence passive.

I kicked the ball.

David sent the letter.

The school paid for the trip.

He pushed me.

We ate cake.
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
Singular
–r
–ris
–tur
Personal Endings
Plural
–mur
–minī
–ntur
Example: amō, amāre, amavī, amatum
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
Plural
Amor
(I am being loved)
Amaris
(You are being loved)
Amatur
(he/she/it is loved)
Amamur
(we are loved)
Amaminī
(y’all are loved)
Amantur
(they are loved)
Present Passive
Stem + personal ending
(except 1st singular)
Example: amō, amāre, amavī, amatum
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
Plural
Amabar
(I used to be loved)
Amabaris
(You were loved)
Amabatur
(he/she/it was loved)
Amabamur
(we were being loved)
Amabaminī
(y’all used to be loved)
Amabantur
(they were being
loved)
Imperfect Passive
Stem + ba + personal ending
Example: amō, amāre, amavī, amatum
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
Plural
Amabor
(I will be loved)
Amaberis
(You will be loved)
Amabitur
(he/she/it will be loved)
Amabimur
(we will be loved)
Amabiminī
(y’all will be loved)
Amabuntur
(they will be loved)
Future Passive
It’s a little different

Present Passive Infinitive

Change that final –e to an –ī
amāre = to love
amārī = to be loved

Urbem dēlēbant. They were destroying the city.
Urbs dēlēbātur.
 The city was being destroyed.


Patriam cōnservābit. He will save the country.

Patria cōnservābitur.

The country will be saved.
Practice
Practice
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Moveor
Miscebatur
Moveberis
Miscemur
Movebuntur
Miscebamini
Moverī
Ablative preceded by ab or ā
 Like Ablative of Means but a
person

Ablative of Personal Agent

Urbs ab malīs virīs dēlēbātur.


Urbs flammīs dēlēbatur.


The city was being destroyed by flames.
Caesar ā dīs admonētur.


The city was being destroyed by evil men.
Caesar was being warned by the gods.
Caesar hīs prōdigiīs admonētur.

Caesar was warned by these omens.
Ablative of Personal Agent
1.
2.
What are the four characteristics of a
verb that we know?
Given teneō, tenēre = to hold, translate
the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Tenēbāmur.
Tenēbor.
Tenētur.
Tenēbiminī.
Teneor.

Probitās laudātur––et alget.
–Juvenal (algēre = to be neglected)

Possunt quia posse videntur.
– Virgil (quia = because)

Amor miscērī cum timōre nōn potest.
– Publilius Syrus

Numquam enim temeritās cum sapientiā
commiscētur.
– Cicero (temeritās = rashness)

Laudātur ab hīs; culpātur ab illīs.
– Horace
Translate. Identify any Ablatives of Agent.
A
1. flūmen, flūminis
2. moveō, movēre…
3. legō, legere…
4. scientia, -ae
B
5. probitās, probitātis
6. cūr
7. deinde
8. misceō, miscēre…
9. Give an English derivative from column A.
10. Give an English derivative from column B.
Ch. 18 Vocabulary Quiz
1.
2.
3.
Conjugate portō, portāre, portāvī, portātum
in the present passive system (present,
imperfect, and future).
Translate the eighteen forms in the previous
question. (portare = to carry)
Translate three of the four following
sentences:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Nostra corpora semper mūtantur.
Laudātur ab hīs; culpātur ab illīs.
Probitās laudātur––et alget.
Omnia mūtantur, omnia fluunt.
Chapter 18 Grammar Quiz
Singular
1st
2nd
3rd
Plural