MORPHOLOGY
(REVIEW EXERCISES)
LI 2013
NATHALIE F. MARTIN
Morphemes
WORDS: SIMPLE OR COMPLEX?
MORPHEMES: FREE OR BOUND?
Question #1, p.139 O’Grady,2009
Are these words simple or complex?
Circle the bound morphemes.
a. Fly  Simple,
b. Desks  Complex,
c. Untie  Complex,
d. Tree  Simple,
e. Dislike  Complex,
no bm
-s
unno bm
disO’Grady, 2009
Question #1, p.139 O’Grady,2009
Are these words simple or complex?
Circle the bound morphemes.
e. Dislike  Complex,
Reuse  Complex,
g. Triumphed  Complex,
h. Delight  Simple,
i. Justly  Complex,
f.
disre-ed
no bm
-ly
O’Grady, 2009
Question #1, p.91-92, Rowe & Levine
Put a plus (+) sign between morphemes.
Label each as bound (b) or free (f)
a. Telephone
a. Tele (b) + phone (f)
b. Infirm
b. In (b) + firm (f)
c. Farm
c. Farm (f)
d. Reformers
d. Re (b) + form (f) + er (b) + s (b)
e. Ranchers
e. Ranch (f) + er (b) + s (b)
Rowe & Levine, 2012
Question #1, p.91-92, Rowe & Levine
Put a plus (+) sign between morphemes.
Label each as bound (b) or free (f)
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Actor
f.
Inaccessibility g.
Ducklings
h.
Countess
i.
Boysenberry j.
Act (f) + or (b)
In (b)+access(f)+ibil(b)+ity(b)
Duck (f) + ling (b) + s (b)
Count (f) + ess (b)
Boyen (b) + berry (f)
Rowe & Levine, 2012
Lexical Categories
Exercise: Word class
Determine the word class of each of the following words.
Is it a content word of a function word?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
betterment
the
him
elegant
inconvenience
eloquently
comply
inasmuch as
over
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Noun
Determiner
Pronoun
Adjective
Noun
Adverb
Verb
Conjunction
Preposition
Compound Words
Question #1, part B, p.92-93, Rowe & Levine
Determine the lexical category of these compound word.
a. Textbook
a. NOUN
b. Hot dog
b. ADJ
c. Beachcomer c. NOUN
d. Bunkhouse
d. NOUN
e. Blacktop
e. ADJ
Into
f. PREP
g. Forerunner g. PREP
f.
NOUN
NOUN
NOUN
NOUN
NOUN
PREP
NOUN
Rowe & Levine, 2012
Question #1, part B, p.92-93, Rowe & Levine
Determine the lexical category of these compound word.
h. Takeover
h. VERB
Crybaby
i.
j. Workman
j.
k. Downshift
k.
l. Empty-handed
i.
VERB
VERB
ADV
l. ADJ
PREP
NOUN
NOUN
VERB
ADJ
Rowe & Levine, 2012
Affixation
and Trees
Analyzing Word Structure
Underline the root.
a. Payment
Circle the affix.
And draw their tree structure.
b. Spiteful
g. Preplan
c. Suite
h. Optionality
d. Fastest
i.
e. Deform
f.
Disobey
Prettier
j. Mistreat
k. Premature
Analyzing Word Structure
Underline the root.
a. Payment
b. Spiteful
c. Suite
d. Fastest
e. Deform
f.
Disobey
Circle the affix.
And draw their tree structure.
g. Preplan
h. Optionality
Prettier
j. Mistreat
k. Premature
i.
Word Structure - Trees
 Draw the trees.
a)
b)
Reference: O’Grady & al. (2009)
Correction of last week’s homework
 Draw the tres.
c)
Reference: O’Grady & al. (2009)
Bound Morphemes:
Inflectional or Derivational?
Describe the italic affixes:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
impossible
terrorized
terrorize
desks
dislike
humanity
fastest
Derivational prefix
2) Inflectional suffix
3) Derivational suffix
4) Inflectional suffix
5) Derivational prefix
6) Derivational suffix
7) Inflectional suffix
1)
Describe the italic affixes:
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
premature
untie
darken
fallen
oxen
faster
lecturer
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
Derivational prefix
Derivational prefix
Derivational suffix
Inflectional suffix
Inflectional suffix
Inflectional suffix
Derivational suffix
Exercise 2, p.94, Rowe & Levine
Place a plus (+) sign between each morpheme
Label each BM as derivational (D) on inflectional (I).
a. Bill’s
a. BILL +
b. Running
b.
c. Player
c.
d. Action
d.
e. Roughest
e.
Comes
g. Friendly
f.
f.
g.
‘S (I)
RUN +
ING (I)
PLAY +
ER (D) *
ACT +
ION (D)
ROUGH + EST (I)
COME +
S (I)
FRIEND + LY (D)
Rowe & Levine, 2012
Exercise 2, p.94, Rowe & Levine
Place a plus (+) sign between each morpheme
Label each as derivational (D) on inflectional (I).
h. Unfriendly
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
Longer
Loveable
Judgment
Banana
Slowest
Quicker
h. UN (D) + FRIEND + LY (D)
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
LONG +
LOVE +
JUDGE +
BANANA
SLOW +
QUICK +
ER (I)
ABLE (D)
MENT (D)
EST (I)
ER (I)
Rowe & Levine, 2012
Exercise 2, p.94, Rowe & Levine
Place a plus (+) sign between each morpheme
Label each as derivational (D) on inflectional (I).
o. Unhappy
o. UN (D) +
p. Semicircle
p.
q. Nobody
q.
r. Aaron’s
r.
s. Broken (adj) s.
s. Broken (v)
t.
Happily
u.
t.
HAPPY
SEMI (D) + CIRCLE
NOBODY
AARON + ‘S (I)
BROKE + EN (D) *
BROKE + EN (I) *
HAPPY + LY (D)
Rowe & Levine, 2012
Word Formation Process
HOW TO NEW WORDS ARE CREATED
New Word Formation Process
 Name all ten word formation processes seen
in class:










Derivation
Compounding
Conversion
Clipping
Blending
Back-formation
Acronyms
Onomatopoeia
Eponyms & Trade names
Foreign word borrowing
SUFFIXOCATING !!!
 Can you find the different affixes in this cartoon?
 What was the word process used for the word
« suffixocating »
Complete the process and
Identify the type of word formation:
1. Return on Investment
2. information, entertainment
3. modulator, demodulator
4. love, seat
5. International, police
6. A comb
7. delicatessen
8. Capt. Charles Cunningham Boycott








ROI

acronym
Infotainment  blends
Modem 
blends
Loveseat  compounding
Interpol 
blends
To comb 
conversion
Deli

clipping
Boycott 
eponym
Homework - Ex 19, p. 144
a) Automation  automate
a) Backformation
b) Humid  humidifier
b) Derivation
c) Information, entertainment  c) Blending
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
 infotainment
Loveseat  loveseat
d)
Progress  progress
e)
Typographical error  typo
f)
Aerobics, marathon  aerobathon
Act  deactivate
h)
Curve, ball  curve ball
Compounding
Conversion
Clipping
g) Blending
Derivation
i) Compounding
O’Grady, 2009
Homework - Ex 19, p. 144
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
p)
q)
Perambulator  pram
(the) comb  comb (your hair)
Beef, buffalo  beefalo
Random access memory  RAM
Megabyte  meg
Teleprinter, exchanger  telex
Influenza  flu
GST  Goods and Services Tax
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
p)
q)
Clipping
Conversion
Blend
Acronym
Clipping
Blend
Clipping
Initialism
O’Grady, 2009
Let’s invent words!
 Invent words that don’t already exist in English, and
then define the process that was used to creat this
word.
Overall Review
Morphology
Invent a word using this root : VACUUM
1.
2.
3.
4.
by adding a prefix to this base (make sure that there are
no constrains to the combination).
And then adding a suffix.
Draw the structure (tree) of the two words that you have
just created.
What are the lexical categories of these words?