Indicative Mode
PANAGANONG PATUROL
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Narito ang ilang indicative na pandiwa na
pokus sa aktor (PA):
1) –um- acts of nature [umulan, bumagyo,
lumindol, kumidlat, kumulog[
2) Mag- can be used for borrowed words [magbungee jumping
3) Ma- feeling verbs, function [maligo, mahiga,
matulog]; idea of becoming into a certain
state [masira, mamatay, mawala, mahilo]
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Halimbawa:
Kumuha ako ng papel.
Lumiko siya sa kanan
I got paper. (one single
action, pokus sa aktor: ako)
S/he turned right.
We turned (made a turn) on
the corner).
Nagtren sina Vera papunta Vera and company took the
train to San Diego.
sa San Diego
Kumaliwa kami sa kanto
Nalungkot ako.
I became sad./ I was sad.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Ang –UM- na pandiwa ayon sa ilan ay mas
internal na aksiyon. Ang aksiyon ng
kalikasan ay ginagamitan ng –UM-.
Madalas intransitive o walang direct object
/ tuwirang layon ang –UM- na pandiwa;
pero maari ring magkaroon.
According to some sources, -UM- verbs denote internal action. -UMverbs are also used to denote acts of nature.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Halimbawa:
Umiyak ako.
Pumutok ang bulkang
Mayon.
I cried. (intransitive,
walang D.O)
Mayon Volcano erupted.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Halimbawa:
Walang Paksa
Bumagyo noong isang
linggo.
Bumabagyo.
Babagyo bukas
Lumindol sa California
Subjectless
(The thing itself is doing the action)
There was a storm last week.
There is a storm.
There will be a storm
tomorrow.
There was an earthquake in
California.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Halimbawa:
May tuwirang layon
Transitive
(has a Direct Object)
Bumili ako ng barong na jusi
sa Laguna noong nagpunta
ako doon.
I bought a barong made of
jusi in Laguna when I went
there.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Ang MAG- na pandiwa ay mas external na
kilos at malawakan. Ginagamit din ang
MAG- sa hiram na salita.
Ang “MAG+pangngalan” ay
nangangahulugang “having a relation
indicated by the root word.” ex. mag-ama
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Halimbawa:
Naglakad ang mga
The students walked in Pestudyante sa P-town sa Los town at Los Angeles the day
Angeles kamakalawa.
before yesterday.
Tayo’y magsaya at
maglalakbay na tayo.
Let us be happy for we are
going to travel.
Nag-bungee-jumping sila
noong isang buwan.
They went bungee-jumping
last month.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Ang panlaping MAG- ay maaring
mangahulugan ng kaugnayan o relasyon na
ang batayan ay ang salitang-ugat.
MAG-affix can mean a relationship indicated by the root word.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Halimbawa:
Nagtaksi ang mag-ina
papunta sa airport.
The mother and child took
a taxi going to the airport.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
May mga salitang-ugat na pwedeng kabitan
ng –UM- at MAG- na mga panlapi at pareho
pa rin ang kahulugan.
Some root words can take both –UM- and MAG- affixes and retain the
same meaning.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
HALIMBAWA:
-UM-
MAG-
Kahulugan
bumasa
magbasa
to read
bumiyahe
magbiyahe
to travel; go on a journey
magbiyahe
to travel and bring something, like
merchandise
bumilang
magbilang
to count
lumakad
maglakad
to walk
pumunta
magpunta
to go
sumayaw
magsayaw
to dance
sumulat
magsulat
to write
tumuloy
magtuloy
to enter; to proceed; to go on; stay in a place
PANAGANONG PATUROL
May mga salitang-ugat na pwedeng kabitan
ng –UM- at MAG- na mga panlapi pero
nagbabago ang kahulugan. Ang –um- na
pandiwa ay nangangahulugan ng simpleng
kilos.
Some root words can take both UM and MAG affixes but the meaning
changes. -UM- verbs denote simple actions..
PANAGANONG PATUROL
-UM-
MAG-
bumili
to buy
magbili
to sell
kumain
to eat
magkain
to eat every now and then
kumamay
to shake hands
magkamay
to eat with hands
lumabas
to go out
maglabas
to bring something out
pumasok
go to class, etc.
magpasok
to bring something in
sumama
to come along
magsama
to take someone along
sumaya
to become happy
magsaya
to have fun
tumayo
to stand
magtayo
to establish, found
tumawa
to laugh
magtawa
to laugh repeatedly
tumira
to live, stay in a place
magtira
to set aside, leave
something
umalis
to leave
mag-alis
to remove
umuwi
to go home
mag-uwi
to take home
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Ang MA- at iba pang panagano.
Ang MA- ay pwedeng maging tulad ng
kalagayan ng isinasaad ng salitang-ugat
(becoming into a certain state indicated by
the root word) o kalagayan o kaya’y
nagpapahayag ng pakiramdam.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
May mga pandiwa ng pakiramdam na
nangangailangan ng unlaping ma- at
hulaping –an tulad ng maalatan,
maasiman, matamisan, mapaitan,
mainitan, malamigan.
Some feeling verbs need the prefix ma- and the suffix –an like maalatan
(to experience a salty taste) maasiman (to experience a sour taste),
mapaitan (to experience bitter taste), mainitan (to feel warm), malamigan
(to feel cold).
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Halimbawa:
Nalulungkot ang babaeng
nakapula.
The woman who is in red
became sad.
HALIMBAWA
Kinusâ/
Indicative Function
Sinadya/Layon
mahiga to lay down
maligo to take a bath;
to shower
Experienced
matuto to learn
Di-sinasadya Accidental
mabangga to crash; to be hit
mabasa (PO) to be read
mabasâ to get wet
mabasag to be broken
(glass)
masayang to be wasted
masira to be broken,
damaged
matapilok to trip, (misstep)
matumba to fall
maupo/ To sit/to fall
mapaupo accidentally on
one’s buttocks
Pakiramdam/
Feeling
Damdamin
Hindi Kinusâ Involuntary
makita (po)
maasiwa
maawa
mabagot
to see
to feel uneasy;
lack of grace & skill
mauhaw
to be thirsty
to feel pity
magulat
to be surprised or to be
taken by surprise
to be bored
magutom
to become, feel hungry
maiyak/
mapaiyak
to cry involuntarily
mapagod
to become tired
magalit
to become angry
mahiya
to be embarrassed
to be annoyed, disgusted
masagot/
mapasagot
to answer
malungkot
to be sad
masayaw/
mapasayaw
to dance
mamuhi/
masuklam
to hate;
to abhor
mainis
matawa
matuklap
matukso
masuya
masawa
adnauseam, to the point of
disgust
mawala
to laugh unintentionally
to come off; peel off; detach
to be tempted
to get lost
PANAGANONG AKSIDENTAL
Ang iba pang gamit ng MA- na pandiwa ay upang
isaad ang maaring gawin.
maamoy (PO)
maabot (PO)
mabili (PO)
makita (PO)
makuha (PO)
marinig (PO)
to be able to smell
to be able to reach
to be able to buy
to be able to see
to be able to get
to be able to hear
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Ang sumusunod ang ilang indicative na
pandiwa na pokus sa obheto (PO):
1) i-, (katumbas ng mag-)
2) -in-, (katumbas ng –um-)
3) -an, (katumbas ng mag- at kung walang –in o
i- na pandiwa)
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Ang i- na pandiwa ay aksiyon sa paksa /
topic o pokus ng pangungusap
The subject or topic undergoes or receives the action.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Halimbawa:
Iabot mo sa akin ang bolpen.
Ilagay mo ang tiket sa ibabaw ng
mesa.
Ibigay mo ang direksiyon sa
kaniya.
Iluto mo ang manok.
Itago mo ang pera mo.
Pass the bolpen to me.
Put the ticket on top of the
table.
Give the direction to him.
Cook the chicken.
Put away (Hide) your money.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Halimbawa:
Itanim mo ang buto ng
ampalaya.
Isauli mo ang barong Tagalog.
Masikip.
Ituro mo sa kanya ang papunta
sa airport.
Itapon mo ang basura sa
basurahan.
Plant the bitter melon seeds
Return the barong Tagalog.
It’s tight.
Teach (Show) him/her how to
get to the airport.
Throw the garbage in the trash
can.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Ang ilang i- na pandiwang pokus sa
obheto (PO) ay may katapat na mag-
Some object focus verbs (OF) have corresponding mag- verbs.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Pokus sa Aktor
the subject
performing the action
Pokus sa Obheto
the subject receiving
the action
magbigay
to give
ibigay
to give something
(the object)
maglagay
to put
ilagay
to put something
magluto
to cook
iluto
to cook something
magtago
to keep
itago
to keep something
magtanim
to plant
itanim
to plant something
PANAGANONG TAGATANGGAP (BENEFACTIVE)
Benefactive Focus [Pokus sa Tagatanggap, PT]
The indirect object in AF sentence: for him/her
Ihiram mo ako ng maleta
sa kaniya
Borrow a luggage for me
from him/ her.
Ikuha mo ako ng taksi.
(You) get a taxi for me.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Ang katapat ng pokus sa tagatanggap (PT) na
pandiwa na I- sa pokus sa aktor (PA) ay mangihiram
ikuha
manghiram
manguha
to borrow something from someone
to get something for someone
to borrow
to get
The equivalent of I-benefactive focus verb (BF) in actor focus
is mang-
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Ang pandiwang –IN- ang katapat ng –UMat –MAG- na mga pandiwa na pokus sa
aktor (PA). Pareho ng pandiwang –IN- ang
batayang kahulugan ng –UM- at MAG- at
ilang pandiwang MANG-
-IN- verbs are the equivalent of –UM- and MAG- actor focus (AF) verbs.
The verbs –UM-, MAG-, and a few MANG- have the same meaning as –INverbs.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Pokus sa Obheto
ayos-
ayusin
basa-
to fix, to put in order
Pokus sa Aktor
umayos
to get better
basahin to read
bumasâ
to read
basa-
basain
to wet (glottal stop)
magbasa
to wet
bili
bilhin
to buy
bumili
to buy
bura-
burahin to erase
magbura
to erase
dala-
dalhin
magdala
to bring
to bring
gamot- gamutin to cure
manggamot to cure
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Pokus sa Obheto
gawa-
gawin
to make
gupithilinghingihiraminom
kainkopya-
gupitin
hilingin
hingin
(ireg)
hiramin
inumin
kainin
kophayin
kuhapunit-
kunin
punitin
putolsulat-
putulin
sulatin
Pokus sa Aktor
to make
to cut with scissors
to request
gumawa/maggawa
gumupit/maggupit
manggupit
humiling
to ask for
to borrow
to drink
to eat
to copy
humingi/manghingi
humiram/manghiram
uminom
kumain
kumopya/mangopya
to get
to tear
to cut (wood or string,
rope)
to write
kumuha/manguha
pumunit/magpunit
to ask for
to borrow
to drink
to eat
to copy
to get
better
to tear
pumutol/magputol
sumulat/magsulat
to cut
to write
to cut
to request
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Ang pandiwang –an/-han ay maaring
pokus sa obheto, lugar, o direksyon. Ang
hulaping –an/-han ay may kinalaman sa
lugar o direksyon.
-AN/-HAN verbs may be object, locative, or directional focus. -AN/-HAN is
a locative suffix.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Regular na Anyo:
Bantayan
To guard the topic/subject/focus of the
sentence
Bayaran (PO, PD) To pay the topic/subject
Halikan (PD)
To kiss the topic/subject
Hugasan (PO)
Wash the topic/subject
Imbitahan (PD)
To invite the topic/subject
Sulatan (PD)
To write the topic/subject or on the subject
Samahan (PD)
To accompany the topic / subject
Upahan (PO)
To rent the topic/subject
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Iregular na Anyo: May Nawawalang Letra
1. asnan-
to put salt on the topic
2. bigyan-
to give the topic
3. bilhan-
to buy something from
Tagatanggap
( Benefactive
Focus)
Buy her a dress.
4. buksan-
5. kunan6. dalhan-
Asnan mo ang
karne.
Bigyan mo siya ng
lapis.
Bilhan mo ng turon
ang tindahan
Maglagay ka ng asin sa
karne
Magbigay ka sa kanya ng
lapis
Bumili ka ng turon sa
tindahan.
Bilhan mo siya ng
damit
Bumili ka ng damit para
sa kanya.
Buksan mo ang
to open the topic
bintana.
Magbukas ng bintana.
Kunan mo siya ng
to get something from the topic picture/Kodakan mo Kumuha ka ng larawan
or a place
siya.
niya
Dalhan mo siya ng Magdala ka ng pagkain
to bring someone something
pagkain.
para sa kanya.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Iregular na Anyo: May Nawawalang Letra
7. higan-
to lay on the topic
Higan mo ang kama.
Humiga ka sa kama.
8. hingan-
to ask for something
Hingan mo siya ng
pamasahe.
Humingi ka ng pamasa
sa kaniya.
9. labhan-
Labhan mo ang
to wash [clothes] the topic kubrekama
10. lagyan-
to put the topic or
something [Direct Object] Lagyan mo ng plastik ang X Maglagay ka ng plastik
on the topic
libro
na takip sa libro
Maglaba ka ng
kubrekama.
11. punasan- to wipe something
Punasan mo ang mesa.
Magpunas ka ng mesa
12. sakyan-
to ride on the topic
Sakyan mo ang Bus#10
Sumakay ka sa Bus #10
13. sundan
to follow the topic
Sundan mo siya.
Sumunod ka sa kaniya.
PANAGANONG PATUROL
Iregular na Anyo: May Nawawalang Letra
14. takpan
to cover [with
something] the topic
15. tamnan
to plant [something] on Tamnan mo ng kamatis Magtanim ka ng
the topic
ang paso.
kamatis sa paso.
16. tawanan
to laugh at the topic
Tawanan mo ang
problema.
Tumawa ka sa
problema.
17. tingan
to look at the topic
Tingnan mo siya.
Tumingin ka sa kanya.
to live ont eh topic
Tirhan mo ang
kondominyum ko.
Tumira ka sa
kandominyum ko.
18. tirhan
Takpan mo ang ulam.
Maglagay ka ng takip
sa ulam.
URI NG AKSIYON: INDICATIVE
Pokus sa Aktor
ANG na aktor
Pokus sa Obheto
NG na aktor
[do the action on the topic]
Ingles
bumili
mamili
bilhin
to buy
humiram
manghiram
hiramin
to borrow
sumunod
sundan
sundin
to follow
maglinis
linisin
linisan
to clean
maglaba
labhan
to wash clothes
maglagay
ilagay
lagyan
to put
maghiwa
humiwa
hiwain
hiwaan
to cut
URI NG AKSIYON: INDICATIVE, CONT.
Pokus sa Aktor
ANG na aktor
Pokus sa Obheto
NG na aktor
[do the action on the topic]
Ingles
matulog
itulog
to sleep
magtapon
itapon
to throw
magluto
iluto
lutuin
lutuan
to cook
mahulog
ihulog
hulugan
to fall; to drop
to deposit
magbigay
ibigay
bigyan
to give
magputol
pumutol
putulin
putulan
to cut
URI NG AKSIYON: ABILITATIVE
Pokus sa Aktor
ANG na aktor
Pokus sa Obheto
NG na aktor
[do the action on the topic]
Ingles
makapagsalita
(No equivalent)
to be able to speak
makaintindi
maintindihan
to be able to understand
makapaglakbay
malakbay
to be able to travel