Prepositions
• (it is one of the parts of speech)
A preposition is a word that shows the
relationship of a noun or pronoun to another
word
Prepositions
• Ex: Your math book is underneath your coat,
Allen.
[The preposition underneath shows the
relationship of coat to book]
• Ex: The one behind us honked his horn.
[The preposition behind shows the relationship
of us to one]
Prepositions
I hit the ball over the net.
I hit the ball into the net.
I hit the ball under the net.
I hit the ball against the net.
I hit the ball across the net.
*Notice how changing the preposition in the
sentences changes the relationship between hit
and net.
Prepositions
• Copy the following common prepositions into
your Interactive Notebook
Prepositions
• Compound prepositions-prepositions made up
of more than one word
-according to
-aside from
-because of
-in addition to
-in place of
-next to
-on account of
-out of
-in spite of
Prepositions
• Let’s classify the prepositions…..
• Remember that they tell when, where, how,
and why
Prepositions
• Let’s identify some prepositions:
1. Yesterday, I planted a sapling behind the
garage.
2. They lived near the airport.
3. I received a letter from my aunt.
4. There are many uses for peanuts.
5. The cat is in the tree.
Prepositions
• Prepositional phrase- a phrase that includes a
preposition, a noun or pronoun called the
object of the preposition and any modifiers of
that object
• Ex: You can press those leaves under glass.
*glass is the object of the preposition
• Lets go back to our sentences and identify the
prepositional phrases with their objects
Prepositions
• Your turn:
1. Complete your examples for your interactive
notebook and glue/tape in.
2. Complete pg 106 Ex 12 in orange textbook.
Write the prepositional phrases in the
sentences. Underline the preposition once
and its object twice.
Prepositions
• Let’s identify some prepositions:
1. Yesterday, I planted a sapling behind the
garage.
2. They lived near the airport.
3. I received a letter from my aunt.
4. There are many uses for peanuts.
5. The cat is in the tree.
Where’s Urkel?
• Take a look at the following pictures and find
Steve Urkel. Write a prepositional phrase that
describes where he is.
Preposition or Adverb?
• Some words may be used either as
prepositions or as adverbs. Remember that a
preposition always has an object. An adverb
never does.
• Rule: You can decide whether a word is used
as an adverb or preposition by seeing if it has
an object.
Preposition or Adverb?
• Watch what this means:
• Adverb: I haven’t seen him since.
• Preposition: I haven’t seen him since Thursday.
(Thursday is the object of the preposition since)
Preposition or Adverb?
• Watch what this means:
• Adverb: The bear walked around and then went
inside.
• Preposition: The bear walked around the yard and
then went inside the cabin.(Yard is the object of the
preposition around. Cabin is the object of inside.)
Identifying adverbs and Prepositions
Directions: Identify the italicized word in each of the following
sentences as either an adverb or a preposition.
1. He watches as the hunter slowly brings the pistol up.
Remington knows that this island is feared by every sailor
that passes by.
2. In fact, among sailors, the place is known as Death Island.
3. Someone invites the girl inside.
4. A man with a pistol in his hand answers the door.
5. John has finally discovered the secret about the island.
So, What exactly is a phrase?
• A Phrase is a group of related words that is
used as a single part of speech and that does
not contain both a verb and its subject.
3 Types:
• Prepositional phrase-in the kitchen (no subject or verb)
• Verb phrase- could have been hiding (no subject)
• Infinitive phrase- to go with them (no subject or verb)
Phrases
:a phrase doesn’t contain a subject
or a verb.
Phrase or not a Phrase?
1. when you know
2. as they walked in
3. in the garden
4. is sleeping
5. how she remembered
6. smiling brightly
7. to the store
8. where the car is
Phrases
We have learned how to identify and write
prepositional phrases in sentences, but prepositional
phrases can be broken down into 2 more categories:
Adjective Phrase
Adjective phrase- a prepositional phrase used as an
adjective
-it modifies a noun or a pronoun
Answers:
-What kind?
-How many?
-Which one?
-How much?
Adjective Phrase
Ex: She chose the one with blue stripes.
(with blue stripes is used as an adjective modifying
one)
*This is because its answering the question WHICH
ONE?
Adjective Phrase
Remember: Prepositional phrases can be used as
adjectives when they answer…..
Adjective Phrase
Let’s take a look at some examples: Identify the adjective phrase
and find what word the phrase modifies:
1. While she was a student in France, Marie met
Pierre.
2. Pierre had already gained fame as a scientist.
3. Paris was where the two of them became friends.
4. Their enthusiasm for science brought them
together.
Adjective Phrase
Try it with a partner:
P1: The year after their marriage another scientist
discovered uranium.
P2: Ice reduces swelling of the injured area.
P1: Ice helps because it deadens pain and slows the
loss of blood.
P2: The effect of gravity helps fluid drain away.
Adjective Phrase
Remember: Prepositional phrases can be used as
adjectives when they answer…..
Adjective Phrase
Write the sentences in your notebook under your
notes. Underline the adjective phrase and circle
the noun it modifies.
1. The main character in the story is a young boy.
2. He is a visitor from another planet.
3. Part of the treasure map is missing.
4. The road along the coastline has the best views.
5. Several of the eggs are cracked.
6. The sign on the bench said "WET PAINT."
7. I would like a bike with ten speeds.
9. The gate to the playground is locked.
Adverb Phrase
Remember that prepositional phrases can be classified
into two categories:
Adjective Phrase
Adverb Phrase
Adverb Phrase
Let’s review what an adverb even is………….
Adverbs answer when?, where?, why?, how?, how
often?, how long?, and to what extent?
Identifying adverbs
Adverbs are a part of speech that makes the meaning of a verb,
an adjective, or another adverb more definite.
Where?
Here, there, away, up, outside
When?
Now, then, later, soon, ago
How?
Clearly, easily, quietly, slowly,
carefully
How often or How long?
Never, always, often, seldom,
frequently, usually, forever
To what extent or How
much?
Very, hardly, almost, so, really,
most, nearly, quite, less, only
Identifying Adverbs
We know that adjectives modify nouns, but adverbs are
the words that modify verbs, adjectives, and other
adverbs.
Ex: The cat ran quickly up the tree.
Identifying Adverbs
Listen to me identify some adverbs with their
modifiers.
1. If you look closely at the map, you can find Brazil.
2. Brazilians often say Bom dia, which means good day.
3. My aunt travels frequently to Brazil.
Adverb Phrase
Adverb phrase- prepositional phrase used as an adverb
-modifies a verb, an adjective, or another
adverb
They answer:
When?
How? How often? To what extent?
Where?
Why? How long?
Adverb Phrase
Ex: The soldiers will reach the fort by noon.
(this phrase answers when)
Remember: Adverb phrases tell….
Adverb Phrase
Unlike adjective phrases, which follow the word or
words they modify, adverb phrases may appear at
various places in sentences:
At dusk, we went inside to eat dinner.
We went inside at dusk to eat dinner.
We went inside to eat dinner at dusk.
Adverb Phrase
Let’s identify some adverb phrases and their modifiers:
1. When he was a baby, John fell into the river.
2. His parents searched for him but couldn’t find him.
3. He was saved by coyotes, who raised him
4. He thought for many years he was a coyote.
5. A mountain lion once leaped from a ledge above
Bill’s head.
Hint
When determining if a phrase is an adjective or adverb
phrase, remember that an adjective phrase almost
always follows the word it modifies.
**If you can move the phrase without changing the
meaning of the sentence, the phrase is probably an
adverb phrase*******
Adverb Phrase
With a shoulder partner, take turns reading the
sentences aloud to find the adverb phrase and the
word it modifies.
P1: She drove for hours.
P2: The library is open on the weekends.
P1: Saturday, we will rehearse before the game.
P2: I saw the clouds and turned toward home.
Adverb Phrase
Independent Practice- pg 142 Exercise 7 # 1-8