© 3/7/2013, Jeffrey Bame – Content of this presentation may not be used without explicit permission.
“When Jesus went into the region of Caesarea Philippi, he
asked his disciples, ‘Who do people say that the Son of
Man is?’ They replied, ‘Some say John the Baptist, others
Elijah, still others Jeremiah or one of the prophets.’ He
said to them, ‘But who do you say that I am?’ Simon Peter
said in reply, ‘You are the Messiah, the Son of the living
God.’ Jesus said to him in reply, ‘Blessed are you, Simon
son of Jonah! For flesh and blood has not revealed this to
you, but my heavenly Father. And so I say to you, you are
Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church, and the
gates of the netherworld shall not prevail against it. I will
give you the keys to the kingdom of heaven. Whatever you
bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you
loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.’”
– Matthew 16:13-19
Tonight’s Outline
A. The Papacy
1. Who is the pope?
2. Origins of the papacy
3. Powers of the Pope
4. The College of Cardinals
5. How A Papal Conclave Works
B. Celebration of the Eucharist
1. Who is the pope?
 The word “pope” comes from the Latin “papa” – a
child’s word meaning “father”.
 The title “pope” is a familiar and unofficial one –
this word does not actually appear in Canon Law or
official documents of Church governance. His
official titles include:
 “Supreme Pontiff” or Pontifex Maximus
 Bishop of Rome
 Vicar of Jesus Christ
 Servant of the Servants of God
 Successor of the Prince of the Apostles
Pop(e) Quiz
Question 1:
How many popes has the Church
had in her history?
Pop(e) Quiz
Answer:
Pope Benedict XVI was the 265th
pope in the history of the Church.
Tonight’s Outline
A. The Papacy
1. Who is the pope?
2. Origins of the papacy
3. Powers of the Pope
4. The College of Cardinals
5. How A Papal Conclave Works
B. Celebration of the Eucharist
2. Origins of the Papacy
 Double apostolicity of Rome
 Peter’s first successors: Linus, Anacletus, Clement
 Clement (~90) and early Church writings
 313 – Decree of Milan (Christianity becomes legal)
 380 – Christianity is official religion of Rome
 Pope Leo the Great (Council of Chalcedon 451)
 Political authority during the Middle Ages
 First Vatican Council (1870) – dogma of papal
infallibility
 1929 – Lateran treaty establishes Vatican City State
Pop(e) Quiz
Question 2:
Can you name the last 10 popes,
working backwards?
Pop(e) Quiz
1. Benedict XVI (2005-2013)
Pop(e) Quiz
2. Blessed John Paul II
(1978-2005)
Pop(e) Quiz
3. John Paul I (1978)
Pop(e) Quiz
4. Venerable Paul VI (1963-1978)
Pop(e) Quiz
5. Blessed John XXIII (1958-1963)
Pop(e) Quiz
6. Venerable Pius XII (1939-1958)
Pop(e) Quiz
7. Pius XI (1922-1939)
Pop(e) Quiz
8. Benedict XV (1914-1922)
Pop(e) Quiz
9. Saint Pius X (1903-1914)
Pop(e) Quiz
10. Leo XIII (1878-1903)
Tonight’s Outline
A. The Papacy
1. Who is the pope?
2. Origins of the papacy
3. Powers of the Pope
4. The College of Cardinals
5. How A Papal Conclave Works
B. Celebration of the Eucharist
3. Powers of the Pope
 “The Roman Pontiff, as the successor of Peter, is
the perpetual and visible source and foundation of
the unity both of the bishops and of the whole
company of the faithful.” (Lumen Gentium 23)
 “For the Roman pontiff, by reason of his office as
Vicar of Christ and as pastor of the entire church,
has full, supreme and universal power over the
whole church, a power which he can always
exercise freely.” (Lumen Gentium 22)
3. Powers of the Pope
 Papal infallibility – “the Roman Pontiff, when he
speaks ex cathedra, that is, when carrying out the
duty of the pastor and teacher of all Christians in
accord with his supreme apostolic authority he
explains a doctrine of faith or morals to be held by
the universal Church, through the divine assistance
promised him in blessed Peter, operates with that
infallibility with which the divine Redeemer wished
that His church be instructed in defining doctrine on
faith and morals; and so such definitions of the
Roman Pontiff from himself, but not from the
consensus of the Church, are unalterable.”
 Key phrase is “doctrine of faith or morals”
Pop(e) Quiz
Question 3:
How old was the pope who lived
the longest?
Pop(e) Quiz
Answer:
Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903) was
the longest reigning pope, with
the possible exception of Peter.
He died in 1903 at the age of 93.
Tonight’s Outline
A. The Papacy
1. Who is the pope?
2. Origins of the papacy
3. Powers of the Pope
4. The College of Cardinals
5. How A Papal Conclave Works
B. Celebration of the Eucharist
4. The College of Cardinals
 Cardinals are appointed by the Pope as advisors (in a
similar way that the president appoints a cabinet)
 Since 1059, the College of Cardinals elects the pope
 Canon Law now requires that a man be a priest or
bishop to be named Cardinal, and non-bishops must
be immediately ordained
 The College of Cardinals governs the Church during
an interregnum period
 Cardinals under the age of 80 can take part in a
papal conclave – the size of this body is limited to
120. Right now, there are 117 cardinals out of a
total of 209 that are under the age of 80.
4. The College of Cardinals
 The United States has 11 cardinal
electors, second only to Italy’s 28
 Cardinal DiNardo was named
cardinal in 2007, the first cardinal
named to the American South. At
the age of 65, he is the youngest
of the American cardinals.
 Other American cardinals:
 Archbishops: Dolan (NY),
George (CHI), Mahoney
(LA), O’Malley (BOS),
Rigali (PHI), Wuerl (DC)
 Roman Curia: Burke,
Harvey, Levada,
O’Brien
Pop(e) Quiz
Question 4:
How long has it been since a pope
was chosen who was not a bishop
or even a priest?
Pop(e) Quiz
Answer:
Giovanni di Lorenzo de'Medici
(Pope Leo X) was a deacon when
he was chosen in 1513.
Tonight’s Outline
A. The Papacy
1. Who is the pope?
2. Origins of the papacy
3. Powers of the Pope
4. The College of Cardinals
5. How A Papal Conclave Works
B. Celebration of the Eucharist
5. How a Papal Conclave Works
 Cardinal electors locked in Sistine Chapel – no
communications access
 2 votes each morning and evening (4/day) - votes
are hand-written and placed in urns (oath taken)
 Votes counted (three appointed cardinals) and
verified (three others). Ballots are threaded and
then burned after being saturated with chemicals
(black smoke = no pope; white smoke = pope)
 2/3 consensus required for a pope to be elected,
runoff if conclave continues past 12 days
 “Habemus papem!”
Tonight’s Outline
A. The Papacy
1. Who is the pope?
2. Origins of the papacy
3. Powers of the Pope
4. The College of Cardinals
5. How A Papal Conclave Works
B. Celebration of the Eucharist
© 3/7/2013, Jeffrey Bame – Content of this presentation may not be used without explicit permission.