Chlamydia
Kent County Females
ages 15-24
Kelsey Dysinger
Marcie Montgomery
Courtney Olach
Aaron Phillips
Carol Rajala
Chlamydia
 Sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by
infection with Chlamydia trachomatis
 Most women and some men have no symptoms but
can still pass it to others
 It can take 7-21 days after sex to show up in men
 Women may not show symptoms for three months
after getting it
(CDC, 2014) (KCHD, 2006)
United States Statistics
Chlamydia
 Chlamydia is the most common STI in the US
 It estimated approximately 3 million new cases occur
each year
 Cases reported in 2012: 1,422,976
 Rate per 100,000 people: 456.7; overall stable
 (increase of 0.7%) since 2011
(CDC, 2014)
United States 2012
Chlamydia – Rates by Age and Sex
Michigan Sexually Transmitted Diseases Database, Sexually Transmitted Disease Section, Division of
HIV/AIDS-STD, Michigan Department of Community Health; Table prepared by the Division for Vital
Records and Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Community Health.
Michigan Statistics 2012
Chlamydia
Gender
All
Ages
0-14
years
15-19
years
20-24
years
25-29
years
30-44
years
45+
years
Number of Cases of
Chlamydia
Both
Sexes
48,727 677
17,336 19,238 6,291
4,429
664
Male
13,265 100
3,611
2,134
1,822
351
Female
35,363 575
13,697 12,974 4,149
2,592
313
5,226
Percentage Distribution
Both Sexes 100
1.4
35.6
39.5
12.9
9.1
1.4
Male
100
0.8
27.2
39.4
16.1
13.7
2.6
Female
100
1.6
38.7
39.5
11.7
7.3
0.9
Number of Chlamydia
Cases and Rates per
100,000 Population
By Gender and Selected
Age Group
Michigan Sexually Transmitted Diseases Database, Sexually Transmitted Disease Section, Division of HIV/AIDS-STD,
Michigan Department of Community Health; Table prepared by the Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics,
Michigan Department of Community Health.
Kent County Statistics
Chlamydia & STI’s
How does Kent County compare to similar counties on
Sexually Transmitted Infections? When compared with
similar counties and with Michigan, Kent County had a
higher prevalence rate of sexually transmitted
infections than Michigan overall and all of the
comparison counties.
 Total cases of chlamydia in Kent County 2012
 3,523 per 100,000
(KCHD, 2006 )
Kent County:
Community Strengths
 Kent County has 5 public health clinics
 Health Department with Inter-Departments which
include areas of Personal Health Services and Health
Promotion and Education
 Cherry Street Health Services
 Grand Rapids Public Schools-Health Services
Kent County:
Community Weaknesses





Lack of education in STD prevention & protection
Voluntary annual STD screenings
Access to treatment and medications
Surveillance of STD cases
Counseling
Problem Statement
Increase risk of contracting Chlamydia
among females ages 15-24 in Kent
County, Michigan as evidenced by …
Number of Chlamydia Cases
Gender
All
ages
0-14
year
s
15-19
years
20-24
years
25-29
years
30-44
years
45+
years
Number of Cases of
Chlamydia
Both
Sexes
3,523
47
1,080
1,414
549
377
51
Male
1,075
7
243
425
201
166
32
Female
2,439
40
833
986
347
210
19
Percentage Distribution
Both
Sexes
100
1.3
30.7
40.1
15.6
10.7
1.4
Male
100
0.7
22.6
39.5
18.7
15.4
3.0
Female
100
1.6
34.2
40.4
14.2
8.6
0.8
Rates per 100,000
Population
By Gender and Selected
Age Group
Kent County, 2012
Michigan Sexually Transmitted Diseases Database, Sexually Transmitted Disease Section, Division of HIV/AIDS-STD,
Michigan Department of Community Health; Table prepared by the Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics,
Michigan Department of Community Health.
Most Reported Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Infections
Occur among 15-24-Year-Olds
Chlamydia
1,422,976 Cases
Reported
Ages
0-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-39
40+
Michigan Sexually Transmitted Diseases Database, Sexually Transmitted Disease Section, Division of HIV/AIDSSTD, Michigan Department of Community Health; Table prepared by the Division for Vital Records and Health
Statistics, Michigan Department of Community Health.
Chlamydia – Rates by Sex
United States 1992-2012
Michigan Sexually Transmitted Diseases Database, Sexually Transmitted Disease Section, Division of HIV/AIDS-STD,
Michigan Department of Community Health; Table prepared by the Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics,
Michigan Department of Community Health.
Health Belief Model
 Perceived threat to personal health
 Example: showing pictures of STDs
 Benefits of taking action to protect health outweigh
the barriers that will be encountered
 Benefits versus Barriers
 Cues as reminders to take action
 Examples: carrying condoms, “avoid alcohol” notes
 Cues messages must be accomplishable
Resources Needed
 CDC recommends vaccination and counseling for all sexually
active adolescents as a primary prevention strategy.
 CDC recommends that sexuality education be integrated into
clinical practice for all adolescents.
 Clinicians to educate patients evidence-based prevention
strategies such as abstinence and correct condom use.
 USPSTF recommends high-intensity counseling to prevent STIs
for all sexually active adolescents.
 Provide complete confidentiality as it relates to billing and
insurance payments.
 Better access to health-care services across the spectrum.
Interventions
 Encourage open communication
 Speakers to attend the schools
Educational courses
 Screenings
 Publicize Importance
 Educational Courses
Chlamydia Screening
Interventions: Who
 Health Care Providers
 Community Members
Age 15-24
 Community Groups
 Public Safety
 Schools
(KCHD, 2014)
Interventions: What
Developed by ETR Associates
and the CDC Division of
Reproductive Health
Designed for ages 14-18
Reducing the Risk (2009)
Intervention: How
 16 sessions Reducing the Risk (RTR) covering:






Overview of STDs, HIV, abstinence and birth control methods
How to obtain and use contraception
Risks and consequences of sexual activity
Decision making, negotiation and refusal skills
Tactics to prevent & delay sexual activity
Strategies to strengthen parent-child communication
Reducing the Risk (2009)
Intervention: Where
3 locations to choose from:
 Cedar Springs High School
 Sparta High School
 Lee Middle & High School
2 Session Times To Choose From:
 8am-2pm
 3pm-9pm
4 Dates To Choose From:
 Saturday March 7, 2015 (sessions 1-8)
 Saturday March 14, 2015 (sessions 9-16)
 Saturday March 21, 2015 (sessions 1-8)
 Saturday March 28, 2015 (sessions 9-16)
Intervention: When
Planning: December 6, 2014
Goals and Objectives
Implementation Community Kickoff
Workshops Students:
Saturday March 7, 2015
Saturday March 14, 2015
Saturday March 21, 2015
Saturday March 28, 2015
8am-2pm & 3pm-9pm
Evaluation of Program:
Monthly
Quarterly
Yearly
Desired Outcomes
G
O
A
L
S
Incorrect
Information
Peer Pressure
Impaired Sexual
Contact
Number of Cases
of Infection
Safe Sex
Practices
Increase
Awareness
Increase
knowledge of
potential hazards
Reducing the Risk (2009)
Intervention Evaluation
 Surveys
Prior to and following completion of the Reducing
the Risk program
 Chlamydia occurrence & treatment reports
Monthly
Yearly
 STD/HIV related clinic visits for Students ages 14-18
 Reducing the Risk program
10 Consecutive Years to Evaluate Program Success
Intervention Evaluation Method
 Health Department & Health Clinic reports of
Chlamydia cases in Kent County
 Qualitative Survey to Evaluate how Participants Feel
about the Information that was presented
 Increased Surveillance/Surveys
 Number of Students per school
 Contraceptive/Abstinence Decreased After Program
References
Access Kent. (2014). Health Education Programs. Retrieved July 16, 2014, from
https://www.accesskent.com/Health/HealthPromo/ed_program.htm#cd
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2014). Chlamydia - CDC fact
sheet. Retrieved July 13, 2014 from http://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/STDFactChlamydia-detailed.htm
CDC. (2010). Sexually transmitted diseases guidelines. Retrieved July 14,
2014 from http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/STD-Treatment-2010RR5912.pdf
Harkness, G. A., & DeMarco, R. (2012). Community and public health nursing:
Evidence for practice. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins.
The Health of Kent County (2005). Retrieved July 6, 2014 from
https://fsulearn.ferris.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_
group_id=_2_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2
Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%
Kent County Health Department (KCHD). (2006). Chlamydia – General
public fact sheet. Retrieved July 13, 2014 from
www.kentcountymi.gov/Health/PersonalHealth/pdfs/
ChlamydiaFactSheet.pdf
Pender, N., Murdaugh, C., & Parsons, M. (2011). Health promotion in
nursing practice. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Reducing the Risk, 5th Edition. (2009, January 1). Retrieved July 11, 2014
from http://recapp.etr.org/recapp/index.cfm?fuseaction=
pages.ebpDetail&PageID=129&PageTypeID=2#lesson_overview