Dr. Nicholas Viyuoh, MD
Board Certified OB/GYN
Lock Haven Hospital-Haven Health Care for Women
Presentation contains graphic pictures of diseases

 What is it?
 A vaginal infection of the bacteria
Chlamydia trachomatis
Normal Cervix
Image from the Practitioner’s
Handbook for the Management of
STDs
Mucopurulet cervix with inflammation, discharge, and ectopy (abnormal cells) due to infection with Chlamydia
Image from The Practitioner’s Handbook for the
Management of STDs

 How is it transmitted?


Oral, anal, vaginally, and during childbirth
Chlamydia may be cultured from the throats of those who have had oral exposure from an infected individual
 Symptoms — usually present within 2 weeks of exposure
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Female: Vaginal discharge, burning with urination, painful intercourse, bleeding between menses
Male: Penile discharge, burning with urination
Chlamydial infection within the lymphatic system of an infected male www.mc3.edu/sa/hpnc/nurstd/std.htm

Rates of Chlamydia by
Age
• Note: almost all cases of
Chlamydia are college-aged
• MOST FREQUENTLY
REPORTED BACTERIAL
STD!
Clinton County Rates
(2004) from the PA dept of Health
• 61 reported cases in
2004 in Clinton County
• 21,385 reported in PA in 2004, exclusive of
Philadelphia
• Rate increasing
8.84%/year
From the Center of Disease Control

The bacteria that causes Chlamydia:
Chlamydia trachomatis microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Chlamydia
 Complications:

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Females: PID, infertility
Males: epididymitis
 Prevention:



Abstinence
Limit sexual partners
Condoms
 Treatment:
 Antibiotics
 Doxycycline,
Azithromycin,
Erythromycin

 What is it?


STD cause by bacteria
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Very common STD
 Signs/Symptoms — usually present within 10 days of exposure


Males: Burning with urination, yellow/green/white discharge from penis, swollen or tender testicles
Females: often asymptomatic, painful urination, increased discharge
Penile discharge in individual infected with Gonorrhea www.mc3.edu/sa/hpnc/nurstd/std.htm

Cervical discharge in female infected with
Gonorrhea http://medinfo.ufl.edu/year2/mmid/bms53
00/images/b2.jpg
 Complications
 Females: PID, infertility
 Males: epididymitis
 Treatment: Antibiotics, although we are now seeing more resistance to antibiotics
 Prevention: abstinence, limit number, condoms

 What is it?
 STD caused by protozoan parasite
Trichomonas vaginalis
 Signs/Symptoms
 Females: frothy yellowgreen discharge with a strong odor, pain with intercourse and urination, vaginal itching
 Males: irritation in penis, discharge
“Strawberry Cervix” from T. vaginalis www.fpnotebook.com/ID211.htm

T. vaginalis, protozoa that causes Trichomoniasis isolated from culture http://www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/not es/intes.html
 Complications
 More susceptibility to other STDs and HIV
 Prevention
 Abstinence
 Limit Sexual Partners
 Condoms
 Treatment
 Vaginal or oral medication: Flagyl

 What is it?
 Bacterial STD caused by Treponema pallidum
 Transmission
 Have to have a sore to transmit, but sores may be hidden
 Transmitted vaginally, anally, orally www.wales.nhs.uk

 pathmicro.med.sc.edu
Signs/Symptoms
 May be asymptomatic for years


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Primary stage: painless ulcer
(chancre) lasting 3-6 weeks
Secondary stage: rash (not itchy), on palms of hands and soles of feet, swollen gland, weight loss, headaches.
Tertiary stage: internal organ
(brain, heart, eye, nerves) damage,
 End stage: paralysis, numbness, blindness, dementia, death
From the Practitioner’s Handbook of
Management of STDs




Diagnosis:


One of the 2 STDs that is diagnosed with a blood test (other is HIV)
The test is called an
RPR.
Treatment:
 Antibiotics in the primary or secondary stages
Prevention:



Abstinence
Condoms
Limit Partners http://www.anaisdedermatologia.org.br/_img/figuras_en/200604201
93906.jpg

 HIV: what is it?
 HIV: Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus
 AIDS is Acquired
Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS)
 Having HIV does
NOT mean you have AIDS http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/Chem101/hiv/HIV-
1.html

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