FRQ Practice
Compare and contrast two theories
of government introduced in the
period from 1640 to 1780.
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Enlightened absolutism
Hobbes
Voltaire
Human nature: conflict,
selfish, greedy
• Power to
masses=anarchy
• Social contract
• Gov serves people
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• Constitutional
democracy
Locke
Montesquieu
Rousseau
Human nature: good, can
be trusted to make good
decisions
Fear of tyranny
Right to overthrow gov
Social contract
Separation of powers,
natural rights, freedom
Equality under law
Grouping
Body 1 – social contract (compare)
Body 2 – human rights (compare)
Body 3 – human nature; type of gov
(contrast)
Thesis - Basic
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Two theories of government developed
around an enlightened absolutism and
constitutional democracy, each supporting
the ideas of the social contract and human
rights.
Thesis - Advanced
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According to Enlightenment theories, the
best relationship between government and
citizens was embedded in the social contract
and philosophers of the period acknowledged
certain human rights and freedoms that should
be protected by the government. However,
philosophers disagreed on whether an
absolutist regime or a constitutional democracy
would accomplish these enlightened reforms
most effectively.
Louis XIV declared his goal was
“one king, one law, one faith.”
Analyze the methods the king
used to achieve this objective
and discuss the extent to which
he was successful.
Evidence
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“I am the State”
Divine right
Fronde
Corvee
Intendant system
Chief ministers – middle
class
• Resistance – prison,
execution, conscription
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Palace of Versailles
Edict of Fontainebleau
Head of Gallican Church
Created massive army
Wars of expansion
Persecuted Jansenists
Gov regulation of
monopolies and trading
companies
• Merchant Marine
Groups
1. King - Weakened nobility
2. Law - Strong military
3. Faith - Persecuted non-Catholics
Or
1. Political
2. Economic
3. Religious
Thesis - Basic
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Louis XIV accomplished “one king,
one law, and one faith” by using methods
of repressing the nobility, restoring
Catholic dominance, and building a strong
military.
Thesis - Advanced
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Louis XIV developed a strong
absolutist state of “one king, one law, and
one faith” by using methods of repressing
the political threat of nobility and restoring
Catholic homogony. He furthermore
enforced domestic control and limited
foreign expansion through a strong
military.