The Age of Absolutism: England vs. France
Definition of Constitutionalism: When government is limited by the rule of law. Implies a balance between the
authority and power of the government and the rights and liberties of the people.
While France was the model of absolutism, with the “Sun King” Louis XIV, England was on a march toward
Constitutionalism. While England began the 17th century with absolutist monarchs reigning by divine right, it ended the century
with a monarchy balanced with Parliament. Your HW tonight is to read about the English road to Constitutionalism (see unit
calendar) but today you will get an overview. England is complicated – there are lots of players and the road toward a new type of
government is indirect, so reading in class today AND reading your textbook at home will be of help.
DIRECTIONS:
1.
Use your HW and notes to fill in the top portion on France. Remember that we discussed what kinds of
things an absolutist DOES in relation to nobility, religion, lifestyle, war. What was Louis XIVs version of
Absolutism? Write one or two sentences only. This is just a summary.
2. Read p. 550-553. As you complete each section, write a 1-2 sentence summary about how each person or
event contributed to the struggle between King and Parliament, Absolutism and Constitutionalism.
France
Louis XIV
The Model of Absolutism – How do these people exemplify Absolutism?
1643-1715
England
How did these people/events contribute to the decline of Absolutism and the rise of
Constitutionalism?
1625-1649
Charles I
p.550 (start with religious issues)
Civil War
p. 550 (start with “most
members”)
1642-1648
Cromwell
p. 551 (Cromwell and the
Protectorate)
1649-1653
Charles II
p. 552 - restoration
1660-1685
James II
p. 552 - restoration
1685-1688
Glorious Revolution
p. 553 – Triumph of Parliament
1688
William and Mary
p. 553 – Triumph of Parliament
1688-1702
Write a summary sentence that sums up England’s road to Constitutionalism:
TWO VIEWS OF VERSAILLES – Introduction to French Absolutism
1600s
Princess Palatine and Madame de Sévigné
The Palace of Versailles became a symbol for royal extravagance. King Louis XIV
and his legions of flattering nobles lived in splendor at the French royal palace.
Every meal was a feast, every evening a party. The following descriptions of life at
the palace come from two eyewitnesses. The first eyewitness is Princess Palatine, a
noblewoman and frequent visitor to Versailles. The second is Madame de Sévigné,
a renowned letter-writer, who describes the return of the Marquis de Vardes to the
good graces of the king.
T H I N K T H R O U G H H I S T O RY: Contrasting
1.
2.
Explain the differences between the two descriptions of life at Versailles.
These two excerpts can tell us a lot about Louis XIV’s relationship with the nobility. Explain this relationship with
evidence from the documents. How does that contrast with the English king’s relationship with Parliament (British
landowning nobility)?
An Evening at the Palace
The appartement [two large rooms at Versailles where the King played billiards
and served refreshments] is an absolutely intolerable experience. We all troop into
the billiard room and lie on our stomachs or squat, no one uttering a word, until
the King has finished his game. Then we all get up and go to the music room where
someone is singing an aria from some old opera which we have heard a hundred
times already. After that, we go to the ball, which lasts from eight to ten o’clock.
Those who, like me, do not dance have to sit there for hours without budging for
an instant, and can neither see nor hear anything except an endless minuet. At a
quarter to ten, we all follow one another in a quadrille [a dance popular at the
time], like children reciting the catechism, and then the ball is finally over.
In the Presence of the King
He [the Marquis] arrived on Saturday morning, looking quite extraordinary,
and wearing a [blue coat embroidered with gold and silver] in the style of those
worn in 1663. On entering the King’s chamber he went down on one knee . . .
The King told him that he had not recalled him so long as his heart was wounded,
but that he now recalled him with a whole heart, and that he was glad to see him
again. M. de Vardes replied most eloquently and emotionally, and the gift of tears
which God has given him was well in evidence on this occasion. After this first
interview, the King caused M. le Dauphin [the King’s eldest son] to be called, and
presented [his son] as a young courtier [to the marquis]. M. de Vardes recognized
him and bowed to him. The King said to him laughingly: “Vardes, what a stupid
thing to do, you know quite well that you do not bow to anyone when in my
: presence.” M. de Vardes replied in the same tone: “Sire, I no longer know anything,
I have forgotten everything, Your Majesty will have to pardon me even
thirty stupidities.” “That I will,” said the King, “you have twenty-nine left.” Later,
when the King made fun of his coat, M. de Vardes said: “Sire, when a man is so
wretched as to be banished from your presence, he is not only unfortunate, he
becomes ridiculous as well.”