FAA
AIRWORTHINESS
SAFETY SEMINARS
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Putting “yoU” In Human
Factors !!!
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Your Presenter Is ......
LOU
LERDA
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A SAFETY PROGRAM
MANAGER WITH
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THE
SEATTLE
FLIGHT
STANDARDS
DISTRICT
OFFICE
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SEMINAR GROUND RULES
Ask Questions.
 Don’t be overly
sensitive.
 This requires
everyone’s input.
 Keep an open
mind.
 Ask Questions !!

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LAST BUT NOT LEAST ...
KNOCK
OFF
THE
“SIR”
GARBAGE!
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Putting “yoU” In Human
Factors !!!
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SEMINAR OBJECTIVE
Examine the role of maintenance
personnel in the chain of events
that cause an aviation occurrence.
Develop ways to prevent or lessen
the seriousness of the occurrence !
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SO WHAT’S THIS HUMAN
FACTORS STUFF ANYWAY ?

How does it affect me ?

Why should I care .... it’s just
another tool for management.

SHOW ME THE MONEY !
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Ever see this person
on the flight line?
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Or how about this
person?
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And last but not least ....
THIS person !!
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Everyone has seen these three
characters and many more ....
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How did they get that
way ?
E L D
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Early
Life
Decisions
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Event
Event
Reaction
RATIONAL EMOTIONAL
MIND
MIND
Reaction
ADULT / CHILD
Early Life Decisions
Make us what we are today !!!
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OK, but whats that got to
do with me and how well I
do my job?
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Individual reactions to events
depend upon the following :






FATIGUE
STRESS
COMPLACENCY
COMMUNICATION
AWARENESS
DISTRACTION
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Individual reactions to events :
LACK OF
KNOWLEDGE

TEAMWORK

RESOURCES

PRESSURE

LACK OF
ASSERTIVENESS

NORMS

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These are the
DIRTY
DOZEN
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We’ll look at them,
one at a time . . . .
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As well as some safety
nets for each one
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COMPLACENCY
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and the safety nets are ....
Always follow the checklist or work
cards
 Never work from memory
 Be sure to vary your routine
periodically
 Be aware of the dangers of
complacency

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DISTRACTION
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The safety nets ...
Use a detailed check list.

Always finish the job.

Double inspect the work.

Use torque seal and/or safety wire.

Record or tag uncompleted work.

When you go back to the job,
always go back three (3) steps.

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PRESSURE
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The safety nets . . .
STOP! assess the situation.
 LOOK at the situation rationally.
a. Can I safely do the job on time?
b. Have I voiced my concerns clearly?
c. What is the worst thing that can
happen to me?
 LISTEN to your rational mind!
a. Has this happened before?
 ACT Speak up, ask for help or time.

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SHOW ME THE
MONEY!!!
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RESOURCES
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Lack of Resources Safety Nets

Check all suspect areas at the
beginning of all inspections and
AOG the required parts.
Order & stock parts before
they’re required.
 Know your sources, arrange
for pooling a/o loaning
 Maintain aircraft to the
highest Std, if in doubt X.

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LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
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Lack of knowledge ..
Safety Nets
Obtain school training
on type, and model.
 Get supervised OJT
 Use current manuals, old
data doesn’t cut it!
 Tech Rep’s are there for
a purpose...use them.

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BREAK TIME
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LACK OF AWARENESS
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AWARENESS SAFETY NETS
THINK ... what could occur in the event
of an accident.
 CHECK ... will your work conflict with
a previous or existing repair a/o
modification.
 ASK ... see if anyone else can spot a
problem you overlooked.

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STRESS
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P
E
R
F
O
R
M
A
N
C
E
BASIC
JOB
STRESS
CAPACITY
T
COPE
O
BASIC
LIVING
STRESS
CAUTION
DISTRESS
STRESS
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HOW TO MANAGE STRESS
If you don’t manage stress, it will
manage YOU!
 STOP
stop burning up emotional
energy
 LOOK rationally at the problem
 LISTEN to your rational not
emotional mind
 ACT once you have a plan, do it !

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OTHER STRESS HELPERS
Be sure the solution starts with “I”
 Be realistic and practical.
 TAKE a BREAK !!
 Talk to someone who is not
emotionally
involved with the problem.
 Don’t expect miracles......just keep
trying.

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FATIGUE
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WHAT IS FATIGUE ?
Fatigue is the bodies normal
reaction to a physical or mental
stress of a prolonged duration.
 There are TWO types of fatigue.
 ACUTE ... short duration, cured
with good nights sleep.
 CHRONIC ... occurs over a period
long period of time, long recovery!

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CAUSES OF FATIGUE
Long hours of labor (any type).
 Stress of high intensity.
 Large temperature variations.
 Noise ... above 80 db for long
duration.
 Vibration for long periods and
sufficient intensity.
 STRONG lighting.

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SYMPTOMS OF FATIGUE
Enhanced stimulus required in
order to respond.
 Attention reduced
 Memory diminished
 Mood becomes withdrawn.
 Circadian Rhythm (time of day
effect).

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COMMUNICATIONS
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This is Communications ....
“ I have to tell you that what you
heard and what I said are two
different things and what you think I
said is definitively not what I meant
@*~<!!!”
SOUND FAMILIAR ?
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THE
SECRET TO GOOD
COMMUNICATIONS
You have
2 Ears
2 Eyes
1 Mouth
Use them in that order
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To Improve Communication
“Learn to Listen”
 Don’t :
1) Debate
2) Detour
3) Pre-plan
4) Tune-out

Do :
1) Ask Questions
2) Paraphrase
3) Make eye contact
4) Use positive body language
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LACK OF ASSERTIVENESS
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What is it anyhow ?
“being disposed to or characterized
by bold or confident assertions”.
 Record all the work you do in the
log book, but only sign for that
which is serviceable.
 Refuse to compromise your standards.

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LACK OF TEAMWORK
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Teamwork Safety Nets ....
Always discuss and plan the
WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE,
and HOW of the job to be done.
 Insure that everyone understands
and agrees!

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NORMS
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What’n the devil are NORMS?
It’s a way of doing business that’s not
approved but it’s been done locally
for so long.... it’s now a NORM..
 ALWAYS work I/A/W the manual
or have the manual changed.
 Be aware that “NORMS” don’t
make it right !
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AND
IT,
THERE
YOU
THE
DIRTY
DOZEN
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HAVE
BREAK TIME
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AND
NOW
ACTUAL
SOME
CASE
STUDIES
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THE END
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