AP WORLD HISTORY
NEW WORLDS: THE AMERICAS AND OCEANIA
Chapter 25
I. CONQUEST OF THE NEW WORLD
II. CONQUEST OF THE AZTEC EMPIRE
•
Hernan Cortez & 450 men conquer the Aztec empire, 1519-1521
•
How were 450 Spanish able to conquer the mighty Aztecs?
1.
Better Weapons ( Steel Swords, muskets, cannons, horses)
2.
Other indigenous people hated the Aztecs ( Dona Marina)
3.
Disease
The First Spanish Conquests:
The Aztecs
vs.
Fernando Cortés
Montezuma II
Cycle of Conquest & Colonization
Explorers
Official
European
Colony!
The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 &
The Pope’s Line of Demarcation
III. CONQUEST OF THE INCAS
•
Francisco Pizzaro (Conqueror of the
Incas)
•
Led a small band of men and toppled
the Inca empire, 1532-1533
•
Held Inca ruler Atahualpa for ransom,
then strangled him & decapitated him
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IV LABOR SYSTEMS OF THE NEW WORLD
•
Encomienda• land grants to Spanish settlers with
total control over local people & land
Chapter Twenty-Five:
New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania
• Colonial Society in the
Americas
• Sugar and Slavery in
Portuguese Brazil
• The Engenho
Sugar mill in colonial Brazil
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by the McGrawHill Companies,
Inc.
IV. LABOR SYSTEMS
•
Mita or repartmiento system- Spanish
crown required 1/7 of male population
to work for 4 months in Spanish mines
or haciendas
•
Debt Peonage- Spanish landowners
advanced loans to native peoples to
buy seed, tools, and supplies in
exchange for labor
V. SUGAR & SLAVERY IN BRAZIL
•
The Portuguese in Brazil depended on
.
•
Engenho- term to describe the complex land, buildings, animals, , equipment, tools
capital, & technical skills needed to make molasses& refined sugar from sugar cane
•
Small pox devastated the indigenous population.
•
Portuguese imported ___________________ for cane & sugar production
SIGNIFICANCE OF SILVER
• Major resource of
income for Spanish
crown
• Manila Galleons
take it to the Pacific
rim for trading
• Very popular with
Chinese markets
• Also trade in the
Atlantic basin
The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church
Guadalajara
Cathedral
Spanish Mission
Our Lady of
Guadalupe
THE VIRGIN OF GUADALUPE
15
Treasures
from the Americas!
The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Mestizos
Native Indians
Creoles
Mulattos
Black Slaves
Slaves Working in a
Brazilian Sugar Mill
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WAS MOST
LETHAL FOR NATIVE AMERICANS DURING
EARLY ENCOUNTERS WITH EUROPEANS?
1.
Firearms
2.
Mounted troops
3.
Smallpox
4.
Steel swords
0%
100%
Firearms
Mounted troops
Smallpox
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Companies, Inc.
Steel swords
CONQUISTADORS WERE
1.
Entrepreneurs who financed
Spain’s voyages of exploration
2.
Spanish conquerors of New
World territories, such as
Cortes and Pizarro
3.
Exporters of American food
crops back to Europe
4.
Native American slaves sent
back to Europe
0%
100%
Entreprene...
Spanish co...
Exporters ...
Native Ame...
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the McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc.
FROM HIGHEST TO LOWEST, THE RACIAL CASTE’S IN
SPAIN’S COLONIES WERE:
1.
2.
Creoles, mestizos, &
natives
0%
Peninsulares, mestizos, &
creoles
3.
Peninsulares, creoles,
slaves, & mestizos
4.
Peninsulares, creoles,
mestizos, natives, & slaves
70%
30%
0%
Creoles, mestizos...
Peninsulares, mes...
Peninsulares, cre...
Peninsulares, cre...
Copyright ©2002 by
the McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc.