Central
American/Mexican
Independence
FLT: I will be able to compare and contrast the Latin American
Revolutions, Haitian Revolution, and French Revolution.
Dates of
Revolutions in
Latin and Central
America.
Social Pyramid
Population of Mexico in 1810:
Peninsulares (15,000)
.3%
Criollos (1,092,397)
18%
Mestizos (704,245)
11%
Mulatoes (624,461)
10%
Indigenous (3,676,281)
60%
Africans (10,000)
.2%
Peninsulares
(Spanish_born in Spain)
Creoles (Criollos)
Spanish born
in Latin America
Mestizos
1 Spanish +1 Indigenous
Mulattoes
1 Spanish +1 African
Indigenous
Zambos
1 African +1 Indigenous
Africans
Causes of the Revolution
1.
Creoles want full equality of the Peninsulares
Merchants wanted open trade with other nations
Could only trade with Spain
2. Mestizos (working class)- Mines & farming wanted better wages
Angry- at elite land owners controlling food prices
Elite would hold onto supplies of food until hit max price
3. The Indigenous and Mulattoes want to end Tribute (taxes)
Tax paid to large landowners and the gov.
4. Slaves want freedom
Conditions Before the Revolution
A. Poor Working Conditions
1. Day laborers, low wages
2. Slavery
B. Brutal Oppression
C. No Rights
1. loss of land
2. No democracy
D. Creoles & mestizos paid high taxes
Miguel Hidalgo
“Father of Mexican
Independence”
● Creole
● Social and economic war
for the masses against the
upper class.
El Grito de Dolores September 16, 1810
On September 16, 1810, Father Miguel
Hidalgo delivered a sermon calling for
1. An end to Spanish Oppression
2. An end to bad Spanish government
3. An end to slavery/poor working
conditions
4. Independence from Spanish Rule
* Miguel Hidalgo’s marked the
beginning of the Mexican War for
Independence
The Mexico War for Independence Begins
A.
About 50,000 Mestizos, Mulattos, Native
Americans & some Criollos organized
themselves into an army
B. They were armed with machetes, axes,
clubs, knives, sticks & stones, etc
C. They began their march
from Dolores to San Miguel,
to Celaya where they took a
picture of “The Virgen de
Guadalupe” as their symbol
Mexico Gains Independence
A.
B.
The fighting continued until 1821
On August 24, 1821 Treaty of
Cordoba gave Mexico its
independence from Spain
Federation of Central American Nations
● Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua,
and Costa Rica.
● September 15, 1821 Independence
Day
● Revolution broke out in El Salvador
in 1811
○ ‘The First Shout for the
Indepence of Central America’