Characters
Protagonist: Ebenezer Scrooge
Antagonist: Marley’s Ghost
Ghost of Christmas Past
 Purpose: Helps Scrooge recover
feeling, memory and imagination
Setting
Victorian England (London)
Christmastime
Mid-1800s
Symbolism
 Fog: Scrooge’s unclear thinking
 Marley’s Chain: Greed and materialism
 Fred: Joy/Christmas Cheer/Hope for second chance
 Jet of light: Truth
 Cap: Hiding the truth
 Mourning-dress: loss of love
Similes/Metaphors
Simile
 “In came a fiddler with a music-book, and went up to the
lofty desk, and made an orchestra of it, and tuned like
fifty stomach-aches.”
Metaphor
 “In came Mrs. Fezziwig, one vast substantial smile.”
Irony
“The happiness he gives is quite as great as if it costs a
fortune.”
When he sees the happiness of his younger self as an
apprentice for Fezziwig, he realizes has been treating his own
clerk the opposite way.
Perhaps if he gave up just a small amount, it could make his
workplace much happier.
Flashback
Occurs when a past event is interjected into the chronological
sequence of events in a story. This device is used to provide
information that would not otherwise be available to the reader.
 School as young child (Regrets his treatment of the young caroler)
 School (deteriorating) as teen/Fan arrives to take him home
(Remembers loss of Fan and regrets not being closer with her only son, Fred)
 Apprenticeship at Fezziwig’s (Realizes importance of treating employees
well, and that how just a small gesture can mean a great deal of happiness to
others)
 Loss of Belle (Regrets allowing his love for money to replace his love for Belle)
 Belle’s family (Scrooge sees family and happiness that could have been his own.)
Theme
 As we go through life, our most important
job is to lighten the burdens of others and
reduce suffering.
 The spirit of Christmas, giving, and helping
others should always be with us.