The World to 1900 The Americas Colonial Empires • • • • • The French in America The British in America The Spanish in America Mercantilism Life in the Colonies Key Terms Council of the Indies Mercantilism The North American Revolution • Seven Years’ War (1756-1763) • American Revolution (1775-1783) Key Terms Seven Years’ War Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) • Toussaint Louverture Key Terms Haitian Revolution Toussaint Louverture Spanish American Revolutions (1810-1825) • Tupac Amaru Rebellion (1780-1783) • Simon Bolivar • Jose de San Martin • Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Morelos Key Terms peninsulares criollos (creoles) Tupac Amaru Rebellion Simon Bolivar Jose de San Martin Miguel Hidalgo Jose Morelos SOCIAL HIERARCHY Creoles: People of pure European blood But born in the New World Mestizos: Indian + European blood P Peninsulares: Native Spaniards C M&M I&A Indians and Africans Mulattos: African + European blood B O L I V A R S A N M A R T I N LEADERS H I D A L G O M O R E L O S SUMMARY POLITICAL ECONOMIC SOCIAL BEFORE AFTER Dictatorship of the Council of the Indies and the Viceroys Dictatorship of the Caudillos Unequal trade relationship with Spain benefiting Unequal trade relationship with Great Britain and the U.S. benefiting Native Spaniards at the top of the social ladder, followed by creoles, and with the rest of the population at the bottom Creoles at the top of the ladder with the rest of the population at the bottom. The United States (1800-1900) Early Political Parties – Jefferson Administration (1801-1809) – – – – Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans Louisiana Purchase The Essex Junto and Aaron Burr African Slave Trade Ban Problems with France and Britain War of 1812 Key Terms Federalist Democratic Republican War of 1812 The United States (1800-1900) The 1820’s – – – Missouri Compromise Foreign Policy New Political Parties – Panama Debate Jackson Administration (1829-1837) – – – National Republicans vs. Democratic-Republicans Indian Policy Annexation of Texas Whigs vs. Democrats Texas Becomes a State (1846) Key Terms Monroe Doctrine National Republicans Whigs The United States (1800-1900) Mid-1800’s: Era of Reform – – – Mexican-American War (1846-1848) Prelude to the Civil War (1850-1860) – – – – Reform Movements Changing Status of Women Beginnings of Nativism Formation of the Republican Party Dred Scott Decision John Brown’s Raid Election of 1860 The Civil War (1861-1865) Reconstruction (1865-1877) Key Terms Dred Scott Decision Reconstruction 19th Century Latin America Mexico – – – – Agustin de Iturbide (1822-1823) Constitution of 1824 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Benito Juarez (1858-1872) War of the Pacific (1879-1884) Key Terms Agustin de Iturbide Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Benito Juarez War of the Pacific The World to 1900 Europe The French Revolution The Moderate Stage (1789-1792) – National Assembly Formed (June 1789) – Fall of the Bastille (July 1789) – “Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen” (August 1789) – Reforms of the National Assembly (1789-1791) Key Terms Louis XVI Estates General Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen The French Revolution (cont’d) The Radical Stage (1792-1794) – Republic Established (Sept 1792) – Execution of the King (Jan 1793) – The Committee of Public Safety – Rights of Women The Directory (1795-1799) Key Terms Committee of Public Safety Maximilien Robespierre The Directory Napoleon Bonaparte (1799-1815) The Consulate (1799-1804) – The Code Napoleon – Religion As Emperor (1804-1810) – The Continental System – The Spanish Ulcer The Fall of Napoleon First Exile The Hundred Days Second Exile – Congress of Vienna (1815) Key Terms Napoleon Bonaparte Code Napoleon Continental System Congress of Vienna Napoleon (cont’d) The Industrial Revolution Why Europe? The Agricultural Revolution Technological Change Since 1700 – – – – The Steam Engine Electric Power Railroads Steamship Communications Changing Social Patterns – Aristocracy – Middle Class – Laboring Class 19th Century Ideologies Socialism – Karl Marx (1818-1883) Liberalism – Louis Phillippe (1830-1848) – Britain’s Great Reform Bill Conservatism Revolutions of 1848 – France: Napoleon III (1851-1870) – Revolution in Italy – Revolution in Germany Romanticism Darwinism – Charles Darwin (1809-1882) – Social Darwinism Nationalism Key Terms Socialism Karl Marx Liberalism Conservatism Romanticism Social Darwinism Nationalism The Italian Unification Count Camillo di Cavour (1810-1861) Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) Victor Immanuel II (r. 1861-1878) Key Terms Camillo di Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi Victor Immanuel II The Italian Unification The German Unification Otto von Bismarck (1862-1898) War with Denmark (1864-1865) War with Austria (1866) War with France (Franco-Prussian War 1870-71) France’s Third Republic Key Terms Otto von Bismarck The German Unification The World to 1900 Africa Nineteenth Century Africa ► ► ► Banning of the Slave Trade New Economic Patterns Rise of New Regional States The Sokoto Caliphate Liberated Slave States ► Sierra Leone ► Liberia The Zanzibar Commercial Empire The Zulu Kingdom and the Boer Republics Key Terms Usman dan Fodio Sierra Leone Liberia Zanzibar Shaka Zulu Boer Republics The only known drawing of Shaka Nineteenth Century Africa (cont’d) ► The Age of Imperialism in Africa Factors that Facilitated Imperialism Colonization of the Congo Basin The Occupation of Egypt The Imperial Scramble The Roots of African Resistance The South African War (1899-1902) ► The Impact of Empire on Africa Key Terms Leopold II South African War Boer guerrillas during the South African War The Shrinking Ottoman Empire Reform and Rebellion The Tanzimat The Crimean War (1853-1856) Nicholas I of Russia The Young Turks The Transformation of Egypt Muhammad Ali (r. 1805-1848) The Suez Canal Origins of Arab Nationalism The Maghrib Key Terms The Tanzimat Crimean War Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali The British in India The British East India Company Indian Revolt of 1857 The Rise of Indian Nationalism Indian National Congress Key Terms Indian National Congress Qing China (1644-1912) The Manchu Conquest The Consolidation of Manchu Rule Kangxi (1662-1722) Jesuits in China Height of the Qing Regime Qianlong (1736-1795) White Lotus Rebellion (1796-1804) Vietnam: Expansion and Foreign Influence Chinese Culture Key Terms Manchus Kangxi Qianlong White Lotus Rebellion Qing China (cont’d) Internal Problems The Opium Trade Treaty of Nanjing (1842) Hong Xiuquan and the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) The Empress Dowager (1861-1908) Key Terms Treaty of Nanjing Taiping Rebellion Empress Dowager Tokugawa Japan Western Compromise Civil War and Meiji Restoration Mutsuhito (1867-1912) Centralization and Western Adaptations Key Terms Mutsuhito Saigo Takamori zaibatsu The Impact of Imperialism in Asia Southeast Asia and the West Indonesia and the Dutch Japan vs. China in Korea Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) Scramble for Chinese Concessions Key Terms Sino-Japanese War The Chinese and Japanese Response The Boxer Uprising The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) End of the Qing Empire (1912) Key Terms Boxer Uprising Russo-Japanese War Yuan Shikai Boxers Boxers fighting Eight-Nation Alliance (English and Japanese soldiers depicted)