If you were Odysseus, which of the obstacles on
the way home, would of scared you the most…and why
2-3 lines
• Geography’s impact in Greece
• Greece is a peninsula
• Surrounded by Ionian,
Aegean and Mediterranean Seas
• ¾ of land is mountainous
• Impact of Geography
• Trading/Travel was mostly by sea
• Difficult to unite the country
• Loyalty more to the polis
rather than Greece
• Acropolis—Politics and business
took place Highest point in the
middle of the polis
http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/Images/109images/greek_archaic_classical/parthenon/acropolis_view.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1qDC6hYgkBo/T6vPsInveUI/AAAAAAAAAwg/nHEdPUuKrkU/s320/Ancient-Greek-Geography.jpg
Transformation of types of Government
• Monarchy – one ruler
• Aristocracy- ruled by landowners/elite
• Oligarchy – ruled by a few
• Democracy – by the people, for the people
http://edtech2.boisestate.edu/angelarutschke/502/virtualtour/virtualstart.html
•Although they were both Greek
civilization, they were both very different
• Sparta
• Dorians conquered the area and created
Sparta.
• The conquered people became slaves
called Helots.
• Sparta—Oligarchy
• 2 Kings and a council of elders
• Ruled by discipline (keep the Helots
under control)
http://www.peloponnesetravel.com/laconia.htm
• Children of Sparta
• Each child was inspected at birth
• Weak and feeble were left to die
• Only wanted the strong
• Boys
• At 7 started to live in the
barracks and start military
training.
• Essentially all boys became
soldiers until 30 years old
• Girls
• Rigorous upbringing as well
• Expected to produce healthy
sons
http://plateiamolaon.wordpress.com/tag/%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%89%CE%BD%CE
%AF%CE%B1/
http://myweb.unomaha.edu/~mreames/Greek_Civ/images/sparta_ruins.jpg
• Sparta Isolationism
• Didn’t want trade or wealth
• Didn’t care for the arts
• Didn’t want their citizens to
travel
• Didn’t care for expansion
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sparti_in-river-Eurotas-valley_flanked-by-Taygetosmountains.jpg
• Evolution to a Democracy
• Was an Aristrocracy
• Discontent grew for
economic reasons
• Solon started the change
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solon
• Cleisthenes created a legislaturea law making body
• Limited Democracy
• Only landowning men could
participate
• Merchants, women and
foreigners could not
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleisthenes
• Athens Children
• Boys had a choice to either
enter a military career or not
• All boys received an education
if their parents could afford it
• Girls were less likely to receive
an education
• Main job was to manage the
households when they grew up
• Persians created a huge empire
• India to Turkey (present day)
which included Greek Ionia
• Greek Ionia rebelled
http://www.sikyon.com/Athens/images/marathon_battle.jpg
• Persia under Darius I set out
to conquer Greece
• Sparta and Athens unite!
http://www.livius.org/da-dd/darius/darius_i_0.html
• Battle of Marathon
• Persian outnumbered Athenians
• Athenian Themistocles led the attack
• Upset victory by the Athenians
• Darius I dies after Marathon
• Son Xerxes takes over and continues
the war
• Battle of Thermopylae
• Spartans lead by Leonidas guarded
a small pass.
• Heroic stand by the Spartans, but
eventually Persia wins
• Persia moves south and burns Athens
http://myweb.unomaha.edu/~mreames/Greek_Civ/images/Leonidas.jpg
• Naval battle at Salamis
• Athens built ships with
underwater rams
• Athens destroyed the Persian
navy
• Ultimately ended the Persian
War!
http://rehtwogunraconteur.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/XerxesThePersian.jpg
•Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state after the war
•Athens formed the Delian League, forced other smaller city-states
to join and pay dues, which were used to improve Athens and to
form a defense alliance
Sparta/Peloponnesian League vs. Athens/Delian League
Persian even joined the side of Sparta
Results
• 27 year war, ended the Athenian dominance
http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~atlas/europe/static/map07.jpg
• Weakened all the Greek city-states
• A new power, Macedonia rose
http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/p/fotos/pericles.jpg
If you had to choose, which Greek
city-state would you rather live in
Sparta or Athens…explain why 23 lines
Relative Location
North of Mediterranean Sea
Place
Mountains
Democracy, Aristocracy,
Oligarchy
Movement
Sea Traders
Human-Environment
Interaction
Farming: Olive Trees,
Grapes,
Acropolis
Region
Balkan Peninsula
The Mediterranean
Athens
1. Greeks
2. Didn’t want to trade
Sparta
3. Wanted to trade
4. Girls had rigorous training
5. Boys had to enter the military 6. Fought the Persians
7. Democracy
8. Oligarchy
9. Boys were educated
10. Peloponnesian League
11. Delian League
12. Girls were housewives
13. More isolated
14. Wanted to gain power
15. Militaristic
16. Arts, Education
Today we are learning about Alexander the Great.
What makes a person “Great”?
• Philip defeated the Greeks
• Philip was assassinated, but his son
Alexander, who was taught by the
Greek Aristotle continued the conquest
• Alexander conquered Persia and India
• Alexander died early of fever
http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_03_66.gif
http://www.livius.org/a/1/alexander/alex_bm.jpg
Why are large empires so hard to maintain…
Alexander, Greeks and Romans eventually fall apart