Chapter 11, Section 1
The Rise of Islam
Terms
 Oasis
 Hijra
 Monotheism
 Mosque
 Hajj
 Jihad
Setting the Scene

In Mecca…

A religious zealot and followers exploring a
new faith.

Mohammed
GEOGRAPHIC
SETTING
Arabian
Peninsula
Deserts
and Oasis
An Oasis in
the Desert
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING
Bedouins
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING
Mecca a Crossroads in Arabia
Crossroads of Caravan Routes

East - West
Mesopotamia
East Africa

North – South
Syria/Palestine
Southern Arabia
Mecca - A Pilgrimage Site. Kaaba


Ancient Shrine housed polytheistic idols.
Later… considered a shrine used by Abraham.
Mecca - A
Pilgrimage Site.
Kaaba

Ancient Shrine housed
polytheistic idols.

The local tradesmen,
innkeepers, made good
profit on the tourist
trade.
Muhammad – Born 570 AD
Muhammad
Shepard
Muhammad
Caravans
Merchant
Mohammad
Age 25 Marries
Khadija
Mohammad
Troubled by
Idol Worship
and
Moral Decline
Muhammad
Meditation in the Desert
Muhammad
Hears a Voice – “Recite”
Muhammad
Recite? What?
Muhammad

“Recite in the name
of your God, the
Creator, who
created man from
clots of blood.”

Voice of the Angel
Gabriel
Muhammad

He is an illiterate Merchant to be the voice of a
new religion? He has Doubts.

His wife, Khadija, encourages him and
becomes the first convert to Islam.
Mohammad

New Religion – Islam

Islam means Submission

Allah is Arabic for God.

Islam is submission of the self to Allah
Muhammad
Attracted few followers
Not many believers in his new religion.
 His new views rejects the local idols of Kaaba.


Locals get upset with him… if pilgrims don’t
come to the shrine… they’re out of business.

Muhammad receives death threats.
Muhammad and followers flee to Yathrib


622 AD
Their flight from Mecca to Yathrib is called “The Hijra”
To Yathrib
Medina
Muhammad and followers flee to Yathrib

622 AD flight - Mecca to Yathrib
- “The Hijra”

Yathrib later is renamed
Medina

“Medina means
“City of the Prophet
(Mohammad)
Muhammad and followers flee to Yathrib
MEDINA

Here Muhammad’s
message more accepted

Many converts

Muhammad now seen as
God’s Prophet:
Ruler
 Lawgiver

Muhammad and followers flee to Yathrib
MEDINA

In time, newly
converted Muslims of
Medina will attack
Meccan caravans and
later conquer Mecca.
Victorious
Muslims
taking
Mecca
Muhammad Dies – 632 AD
Relic: Footprint of Mohammad
ISLAM TODAY
One of the 5 great religions.
Judaism
 Christianity
 Islam

Hinduism
 Buddhism

--Old Testament.
--New Testament as well.
--The Quran as well.
Teachings of Islam

Monotheistic – God the Creator

People of the Book
Old and New Testament
 Quran

Teachings of Islam
The Quran
 God
 All
is…
Powerful
 Compassionate
Teachings of Islam
The Quran

Whoever strays bears the full responsibility of straying
Teachings of Islam
Each will stand and receive Final Judgment

Eternal Punishment in Hell or
Eternal Bliss in Paradise
Teachings of Islam
The Quran

No “official” priests as
mediators between
God and man.
Teachings of Islam
The Five Pillars
The Five Pillars of Islam
1. There is No God but God,
Muhammad is the messenger of God
2. Daily Prayer –
Preferably in a mosque and/or prostrate facing Mecca
3. Give Alms – Charity to the Poor
4. Fasting During Ramadan
No food from sunrise to sundown
5. The Hajj – A Pilgrimage to Mecca
All good Moslems strive to do this at least once in
their lifetimes. (Visit the Kaaba)
There is No God but God
The Moslem Confession of Faith –
seen her in Arabic Calligraphy.
Daily Prayer
Give Alms
Fast during Ramadan
Sunrise to Sunset
Pilgrimage to Mecca, The Hajj – Kaaba
Pilgrimage to the Hajj – Kaaba
Pilgrimage to
Mecca
The Hajj
Kaaba
Pilgrimage to Mecca - The Hajj – Kaaba
Pilgrimage to Mecca, The Hajj – Kaaba
Teachings of Islam

Muslims believe God has sent other Prophets:
Abraham
 Moses
 Jesus


But.. Mohammad was the last and greatest
Prophet.
Mosques – Houses of Worship
Dome of the Rock – Jerusalem
Jihad – Holy Service
Not only Holy War
Quran – direct, unchangeable word of God.

Quran seen as the ultimate authority on all matters.
This ultimate authority was provided in the Arabic Language
Converts study Arabic to accurately see God’s will.
People of the Book.
A shared heritage with Jews and Christians
Religious Tolerance?

Muslims viewed People of the Book, Believers
in the One God, as Superior to Polytheists.
(but all religions originally were tolerated)

The views of other People of the Book were
tolerated in early Muslim Society.
A Way of Life, Not just a Religion

Islamic Teachings intertwine with all parts of
society in the Muslim World.
Ethics
 Family
 Government

A Way of Life, Not just a Religion
Sharia – Islamic Law

Sharia does not
separate religious
from civil matters.

The Quran is
applied to all legal
matters
Impact upon Women

Quran states a religious equality

“Whoever does right, whether male or
female…” “and is a believer, all such will enter
the Garden.”

Impact upon Women

Quran prohibits some past practices….

Killing of Daughters formally prohibited

Inheritance laws protect women’s rights to
inherit.

Muslim women must consent freely to a
marriage.
True Equality… not really

Belief in separate roles for men and
women.

Much harder for a woman to get a divorce
than for a man.

Veiling upper class women, adopted from
neighboring cultures (Persian &
Byzantine). Also secluding them at home.
Veiling upper class women, adopted from neighboring
cultures (Persian & Byzantine).
The
End