1. In what present day country did the religion of Islam
form?
SAUDI ARABIA
2. Who is the founder of Islam?
MUHAMMAD
3. What is the religious celebration which includes fasting
for people of the Islamic faith
RAMADAN
• Born in Mecca
• He was troubled by all the
greed
• At 40, heard a voice to become a
messenger of God.
• His wife encouraged him to do
so and became his convert to
Islam “to submit to God”
• People of Mecca were angered
and Muhammad out of fear
traveled to Medina in 622
• This journey is called the Hijra
• People of Medina converted to
Islam and war broke out between
Mecca and Median
• Muhammad won, united all Arabs
under Islam, but soon died in 632
http://atheism.about.com/od/prophetmuhammadofislam/ig/Muhammad-DrawingsPictures/Muhammad-Teaching-About-Islam.htm
• Quran—Holy Book
• Duties of Islam called
the Five Pillars of Islam
1. Shahada –
Declaration of faith
2. PrayerAt least 5 times/day
3. ZakahCharity to the poor
4. SawmFasting during
Ramadan
5. HajjPilgrimage to Mecca
• Jihad- Struggle in God’s
service
• Personal duty for Muslims
• Sometimes interpreted as a
Holy War
• Sharia- Body of laws which
interpret the Quran
• Mosque- Holy building
Dubai-minaret
• Minaret- “lighthouse” provides
focal point for prayer
http://www.public.iastate.edu/~cfford/fertile%20crescent.jpghttp://www.harrys-stuff.com/arab-gulf-dubai/dubai-images/dubai-minaret.jpg
• Muhmmad dies in 632 CE
• Who’s next????
• Abu Bakr—Muhammad’s
father-in-law becomes the
Caliph—successor to
Muhammad
• The first 4 Caliphs expanded
Muslim territory
• Conquered
• Persians
• Byzantines
Factions of Islam
• Abu Bakr dies in 634 CE
• Ali, the 4th Caliph,
Muhammad’s son-in-law, is
assassinated in 661CE
• Two factions emerge
• Shiites
• Believed that Ali and all
successors should be
descendants from
Muhammad
• Sunnis
• Believe the successor
should be a pious male
from Muhammad’s tribe
http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/caliphate/abuBakr.html
http://moneyjihad.wordpress.com/2012/07/03/abu-bakr-a-taxing-companion/
1. Which Asian groups will adopt the religion of Islam?
2.
What is this building and why was it built?
• Sunni Dynasty forms
• Umayyads rule the Muslim
world from 661-750 CE
• Expansion of Islam
• North Africa
• Persia
• Conquered Spain
• Tried to conquer France,
but lost at Battle of Tours
• Capital was Damascus
• Conquered territories
• Religious tolerance
• Special tax for non-Muslims
• Prohibited looting and
burning of cities
• Shiite Dynasty
• Abbasids conquered the
Umayyads
• Moved the capital to Baghdad
• Ended military campaigns
• Ended discrimination against
non-Muslims
• Abbasids start to weaken in 850 CE
• Smaller dynasties started to arise
• Foreign invaders
• Seljuk Turks
• Adopted Islam as religion
• 1050 controlled Baghdad
• Fought the Crusades of
Pope Urban II
• Mongolians
• Adopted Islam as religion
• 1258 looted Baghdad and
killed the last Abbasid
caliph
• Tamerlane, Mongolian
leader invaded Russia,
India and SW Asia
http://www.awildorchid.com/ind01096.JPG
Muslim advances into India
• Arab armies first arrived in 711
and conquered the Indus Valley
• In 1000 Muslim Turks push
farther into India and battle the
Hindu for control
• The Delhi Sultanate was created
• Delhi was the capital
• Ruled Northern India 12061526
• Sikhism—religion which blended
Hinduism and Islam
• Founded by Nanak
• Would organize into an army
called the Sikhs
http://www.storyofpakistan.com/images/p0206010101.jpg
• Influence by the Persian Empire
art and architecture
• Increase trade between India and
Muslim world
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/india/history/pictures/tamerlane.gif
• Foreign invaders led to the
downfall of the Sultanate
• The Turk, Tamerlane, invaded
in 1398. Enslaved thousands
of Indians.
• The Sultanate finally broke into
smaller Hindu and Muslims
states.
http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/centrasia/tamerlane1400.GIF
• Mongols and Turks invade
• 1526 finally conquer Delhi Sultanate
• New Muslim Dynasty Forms
• Babur, self-claimed descendent of
Genghis Khan and Tamerlane
establishes the Mughal Dynasty
http://www.indiasite.com/gifs/babur1.jpg
http://newton.uor.edu/FacultyFolder/rebecca_brown/old/arth100/empire/Mughals/mughmap.gif
• The Mughal Dynasty
• Ruled India 1526 to 1857.
•The height of the empire was led by
Babur’s grandson, Akbar
• Economic problems and revolts
ended the Maghul reign in 1857.
• Taj Mahal was built
as a tomb for the wife
of a Caliph during the
Mughal Dynasty
http://www.boloji.com/history/011.jpg
• Mehmet II, captured Constantinople
and renamed it Istanbul, in 1453
• The Golden Age of the Ottoman
Empire
•1520-1566 under the sultan, or
ruler Suleiman “the Magnificent”
• Ottoman Empire Declines
• Suleiman dies in 1566
• By 1700’s European advances in
military technology and
commerce leave the Ottomans
behind
http://www.npr.org/news/specials/mideast/the_west/ottoman-17century.jpg
http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/0005c/0005c05d.jpg
• Safavid Empire
• Located in present day Iran,
between the Ottomans and
Mughal.
• Frequent wars with the Ottomans,
who were Sunnis, while the
Safavids were Shiites
• Shah (King) Abbas the Great,
revived the glory of the Persian
Empire
• The empire faded when Shah
Abbas died. The Qajars Family
ruled it until 1925.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Shah_Abbas_I_engraving_by_Dominicus_Custos_-_Antwerp_artist_printer
_and_engraver.jpg/250px-Shah_Abbas_I_engraving_by_Dominicus_
Custos_-_Antwerp_artist_printer_and_engraver.jpg
http://dcr.csusb.edu/dny/map8.jpg
1. What are the two main factions of Islam?
Shiites and Sunnis
2. What is the holy buildings and text of Islam called?
Mosque and Quran
3. What was the first Muslim Empire in India?
Delhi Sultanate
4. Who ruled the Ottoman Empire during their Golden
Age?
Suleiman the Magnificant
5. Who first ruled the Mughal Empire and who led it during
its height?
Babur and Akbar