Public Library
Services and Collection
公共图书馆服务及藏书
Maria Fung 馮婉紅
World Language Materials Specialist
July 2010
A Brooklyn Story
布鲁克林公共图书馆个例
Greenpoint
Existing Branches and ½-mile Radii
Leonard
Williamsburgh
Bushwick
Brooklyn Heights Walt
Whitman
Washington
Irving
DeKalb
Marcy
Clinton Hill
Carroll
Gardens
Pacific
Red Hook
Saratoga
Macon
Bedford
Arlington
Brower Park
Central
Cypress Hills
Brownsville
Eastern
Parkway
Park Slope
New Lots
Stone Avenue
Crown
Heights
East Flatbush
Sunset Park
Spring Creek
Flatbush
Windsor
Terrace
Rugby
Canarsie
Borough
Park
Cortelyou
Clarendon
Bay Ridge
Paerdegat
Kensington
Jamaica Bay
McKinley Park
Midwood
Mapleton
Fort
Hamilton
Flatlands
Dyker
Mill Basin
Ryder
New
Utrecht
Kings
Highway
Highlawn
Homecrest
Ulmer Park
Gravesend
Coney
Island
Sheepshead
Bay
Kings Bay
Gerritsen
Beach
Brighton
Beach
Brooklyn/Queens Border
About Brooklyn
关于布魯克林人口
Population: 2.5 million
(2000 census)
150 nations, more than
160 languages
40% foreign-born
residents
Larger population than
all but 3 U.S. cities
600,000 residents under
18 years old
72% of residents do not
have a college degree
人口: 2百50万 (2000 人口统
计)
来自150 国家, 使用160多种
语言
40%为移民
第四大美国城市人口
60万18岁以下的居民
72％的居民没有一个大学
学位
Library Bill of Rights (1)
The American Library Association affirms that all libraries are forums for
information and ideas, and that the following basic policies should
guide their services.
I. Books and other library resources should be provided for the interest,
information, and enlightenment of all people of the community the
library serves. Materials should not be excluded because of origin,
background or views of those contributing to their creation.
II. Libraries should provide materials and information presenting all points
of view on current and historical issues. Materials should not be
proscribed or removed because of partisan or doctrinal disapproval.
III. Libraries should challenge censorship in the fulfillment of their
responsibility to provide information and enlightenment.
Library Bill of Rights (2)
IV. Libraries should cooperate with all persons and groups concerned
with resisting abridgment of free expression and free access to
ideas.
V. A person’s right to use a library should not be denied or abridged
because of origin, age, background, or views.
VI. Libraries which make exhibit spaces and meeting rooms available
to the public they serve should make such facilities available on
an equitable basis, regardless of beliefs or affiliations of
individuals or groups requesting their use.
Adopted June 18, 1948. Amended February 2, 1961, and January 23,
1980, inclusion of "age" reaffirmed January 23, 1996, by the ALA
Council.
美国图书馆人权法案
美国图书馆协会确认所有的图书馆都是资料
讯息及理念的讨论平台。所有的图书馆
服务应以下列基本政策为其指导：
開
I.
图书馆中所有的书籍及非书籍资料皆为
满足当地社区的阅读兴趣，资讯求取，
才智启蒙而设。不应将不同的种族，背
景，或持有不同观点的著作排除在外。
美国图书馆人权法案
II.
图书馆收藏应涵盖对当今或历史事件的
全面观点。不应因党派或教条禁制而消
灭藏书。
III. 图书馆应挑战检审制度，以负起提供资
讯启迪民智的责任。 。
IV.
图书馆应与各方人士合作以抗拒对言论自由及
理念自由的限制。
V.
人们使用图书馆的权利不应因种族，年纪，背
景或观点而被剥夺。
美国图书馆人权法案
VI. 图书馆的展览空间及会议场所应对公众
开放。不论申请使用者的信仰，身份，
或其所属的单位组织，皆应一视同仁公
平对待。
1948年6月18日采行。 1961年2月2日补充。
1980年1月23日增添“年纪”词条 。 1996
年1月23日美国图书馆协会再度确认。
张鸿运翻译
USA Patriot Act
Section 215
• Information such as library circulation, Internet
use and registration records can be the subject
of the warrant.
• FISA courts do not require the demonstration of
“probable cause.” Instead law enforcement
need only claim a belief that desired records
may be related to an ongoing investigation of
international terrorism or foreign intelligence
activities.
• Law enforcement agents may obtain from a FISA
court a search warrant for “any tangible thing,”
including books, records, papers, data tapes and
computers with hard drives.
美国爱国者法案
第215条
执法人员可从外国情报侦搜法案法庭取得搜索票
以获取任何实质物品如：书籍，记录，论文，数
据磁带电脑硬碟。
图书馆借书纪录，网络使用纪录，申请登记记录
皆 可为搜索票侦搜之对象。
执法人员不须向法庭出示“可靠的证据”，只须
表明其相信所需调查的记录与正在进行中的国际
恐怖主义或外国间谍活动有关联。
张鸿运翻译
About BPL
关于布鲁克林公共图书馆
•
Fifth largest public library system in the United States
，美国的公共图书馆系统第五最大
•
58 neighborhood libraries, plus Central Library, Business Library, Digital
Collection, Kidsmobile, 3 Bookmobiles
58个分馆，加上中央图书馆，商务图书馆，数字馆藏，一个小孩流动图书馆
，三个普通流动图书馆
•
One of three separate library systems in New York City
纽约市三个不同的图书馆系统之一
•
Major employer in Brooklyn, with 1600 staff in library service and administrative
positions
布鲁克林区的主要雇主 ，有1600 在图书馆服务和行政职务的工作人员，
•
Highest program attendance of any library in the United States
美国所有图书馆中最高活动出席率
Resources
资源
• 4.2 million books, 31,000 music volumes, 123,000 DVDs, 49,000 videos 420
万的书 籍，音乐31000册，123,000的DVD，视频49,000
• Over a million historical documents in Brooklyn Collection
超过1万布鲁克 林历史文献
• 1,111 public computers
1,111公用 电脑
• Largest WiFi network in Brooklyn
在布鲁克林区最大的无线网络
• 46,091 programs sessions – 868,616 program attendance
46091活动 - 868616出席人次
Brooklyn Public Library Mission
It is the mission of Brooklyn Public Library
to ensure the preservation and
transmission of society’s knowledge,
history and culture, and to provide the
people of Brooklyn with free and open
access to information for education,
recreation and reference.
布鲁克林公共图书馆使命
布鲁克林公共图书馆的使命是保存
和传播社会知识，历史和文化，并
提供布鲁克林区内人民获得自由和
开放的信息，教育，娱乐，和参考
资料。
Our Vision
Brooklyn Public Library will be a vital
center of knowledge for all, accessible 24
hours a day, and will be a leader in
traditional innovative library services
which reflect the diverse and dynamic
spirit of the people of Brooklyn.
我们的前瞻
布鲁克林公共图书馆成为一个重要
的全天开放的知识中心；更在传统
的图书馆服务创新方面成为一个领
导者，以反映布鲁克林社会多元和
充满活力的精神为己任。
Core Values
核心价值
•
Excellent Customer Service
优质的客户服务
•
Innovation and Creativity
创新与创造力
•
Preserving Intellectual Freedom
维护知识自由
•
Professionalism
专业
•
Diversity
多元
•
Teamwork
合作
Central Library
中央图书馆
• 开业 February 1941
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
地标 May 1997
Dweck 礼堂 2007
350,000 平方英尺
每年超过1万人次
140 公众电脑
每月3,000 无线用户
服务内容包括 :
– STEP (也在分馆 )
– 会话组
– 24 / 7chat参考
– “问一问馆员”
•
•
•
馆藏 : 100万+ 已编目材料
FY09 流通 : 2,458,011
特别馆藏 : Brooklyn Daily Eagle archives,
Hunt Collection of Rare Children’s Books,
Civil War Collection
Central Library Divisions
中央馆部门
•
Subject Divisions 科目分部
– Art and Music 艺术，媒体，音乐，及体育部
– History, Biography and Religion 史传与宗教部
– Language and Literature 语言文学与小说
– Society, Sciences and Technology
社会科学与技术部
•
Service Divisions 服务部门
– Brooklyn Collection 布鲁克林区资料库
– Education & Job Information Center
教育与就业信息中心部
– Multilingual Center 多语言中心
– Telephone / Email / Chat Reference
电话/电子邮件 /聊天参考
•
Youth Wing 青少年 部门
Brooklyn Collection
布鲁克林区资料库
• BPL’s Local History Division
布鲁克林地方史科
• Collections and services include:
– Brooklyn Eagle Archives 布鲁克林鹰
報档案
– Brooklyn Eagle Online 1841-1902
– 布鲁克林鹰報在线
• 40,000 web visits / month
– Digitization Initiatives 数字化
– Maps / Mss. / Ephemera 地图及其他
• Brooklyn Dodgers memorabilia
– Brooklyn Connections布鲁克林连接
– “Brooklynology” Blog 有關布鲁克林
博客
Business Library
商业馆
Serves the information needs of the business community, with a
particular emphasis on small businesses and entrepreneurs, as
well as support for students and individuals.
满足商业界，特别是小企业和企业家的信息需求， 同
时对学生和个人也提供信息支持。
Business Library
商業館
•
Opened in 1943 to support business owners,
entrepreneurs and investors
在1943年开 业，为支持新的企业，企业家和投资
者
•
Housed at Brooklyn Heights Library
在布鲁克林高地图书分馆一楼
•
•
First public library of its kind to open in United States
在美国首个此类公共图 书馆
•
Business and workforce development initiatives
include:
商业和劳动力发 展包括
– Power Up! Business Plan Competition
创业计划大赛
– SCORE counseling 辅导服务
– FINRA: Smart Investing @ Your Library 聪明的投
资@您 的图书馆
Branch Libraries
分馆
Yearly Circulation
全年流通量
FY 2010 Visits
Circulation 19,542,812
FY 2009 Visits 13,225,122
Circulation 17,272,770
Budget
预算
FY2010 Operating Budget
支出 1.018亿美元
Staff
Programming &
Development &
Promotion,
Training, $1.2,
$1.9, 2%
Building
1%
Maintenance,
$1.3, 1%
活動和推广
维修
All Other
Expenses,
$6.6, 6%
其他
Furniture &
Technology,
$5.4, 5%
家具和技术
Library Bks &
Mtls, $9.4, 9%
书籍和其他材料
薪酬和福利
Salaries &
Benefits, $76.0,
76%
Public Services
公共服务
Library Programs for Children
兒童組活動節目
For children from newborn
to grade 6 新生儿到六年级儿童
Programs include:
Preschool programs from
newborn to 5 学龄前活动
Class visits 学童班级造访
Reading is Fundamental (RIF)
“阅读是根本”活动
Homework help
家庭作业帮助
After school programs for
different occasions and
holidays 节假日课外活动
Library Programs for Teens
青少年组活动节目
For teenagers from grade 7
to grade 12
七到十二年级
Programs include:
Class visits 学童班级造访
Reading is Fundamental (RIF)
阅读是根本
Homework help (24/7
and/or one on one)家庭作业
帮助
After school programs e.g.
movies, music, gaming,
anime, computer, internship
and job opportunities,
college application…课外活动
节目(电影，音乐，电子游戏，
卡通，电脑，实习和职业资询，
大学指南等)
Library Programs for Adults
成人组活动节目
Opened to all adult patrons
Programs include:
Education and job information 教育与就业信息
Language learning – English and other languages 语言学
习 (英语和其他)
Parenting 育儿知识
Book club 读书会
Computer learning 电脑班
Arts and Crafts e.g. knitting 手工班 (针织等)
Movies, music, chess 电影，音乐，棋艺等
Ask a Librarian or Book a Librarian “问一问馆员”
Library Programs for Seniors
老年组活动节目
“Service to the Aging” Department serving seniors 62
and older 六十二岁或以上
Books To Go, Books by Mail 书籍上门服务 (服务173中心和211残
疾居家老人)
Book Club 读书会
Down Memory Lane 那些美好记忆
Volunteering and Job Information 义工（志愿者）和就业信息
Pairing children/teens with seniors in homework tutoring or
social interactions 与青少年搭配，给予课后补习或社交互动
Others e.g. Exercise, health, arts & crafts, creative writing,
computer, performance… 其他(运动，保健，手工，写作，电脑
，才艺表演等)
Summer Reading
暑期阅读
• Reading initiative for children, teens and adults
儿童，青少年和成年人
• Yearlong planning and delivery process for BPL
长达一年的规划
• Collaborative effort between BPL, Queens Public Library and New York
Public Library
三大圖書館的协同努力
• 2010 theme “Make a Splash @ Your Library”
2010主题 “一个惊喜@您的图书馆”
• Registered over 100,000 youth and adult readers in 2008, yielding the
highest registration in New York State
• 2008年注册超过10万青少年和的成人读者，為纽约州注册最高率
Programs & Exhibitions
节目及展览
• Author talks, lectures, films and
concerts at Dweck Center and on the
Central Library Plaza, attracting over
25,000 attendees per year 在Dweck中
心及中央图书馆广场的作家讲座，演
讲，电影和音乐会，参加者每年超过
25,000人
• Nine to twelve exhibitions per year at
Central featuring leading Brooklyn
artists, photographers and illustrators中
央館每年9至12个展览，展出布鲁克林
的艺术家，摄影师和插画家作品
• 1000+ branch children’s programs,
workshops, and other events reaching
32,000 library users per year 1000 +儿
童节目，工作坊，以及每年其他活动
服务32,000个图书馆用户
Programs & Exhibitions
节目及展览
• Regular exhibitions at Brooklyn Heights,
Kings Highway and other neighborhood
libraries 在其他分馆定期展览
• Collaborates with other BPL
departments on systemwide initiatives
such as Summer Reading and the Harry
Potter Book Launch 夏哈利波特新书发
布会和夏季读书会
• Serves Brooklyn schools with twiceweekly Meet-the-Author talks at Dweck
Center, and with outreach program to
schools throughout the borough 服务布
鲁克林学校，在Dweck中心每周两次
会见作者活動
Volunteers
义工
• In FY09,1500 volunteers contributed more
than 72,000 hours of service
• 在2009财政年度，1500志愿者贡献超过
72,000小时的服务
• Volunteer-supported programs include:
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









After School Homework Helpers家庭作业帮助
Adult Literacy Tutors 成人扫盲班的老师
Teen Book Buddies 青少年图书朋友
Community and Corporate Team Projects 社区和企业团队项目
Computer Coaches 电脑教练
English Conversation Group Leaders英语会话小组组长
First Five Years Volunteers 第一个五年 义工
Multicultural Internship Program 多元文化实习计划
Reading Troubadours 阅读帮助
Resume Writing 简历帮助
RIF and Program Assistants 阅读是根本
Shelf Organizers 書架组织
Today’s Teens, Tomorrow’s Techies 今天的青少年明 天的技术人
Central Library Welcome Ambassadors 中央图书馆欢迎 大使
Outreach Services
外展服务
Prison Service 监狱服务
Bookmobile 流动图书馆
Nursing Home Visit 疗养院探访
School Visit 学校探访
Hospital Visit 医院探访
Local Community Meetings 社区会议
Street Fairs 街坊节
Collection Development
馆藏发展
• Office of Materials Selection 书籍杂志和
其他数据采购
• Cataloging 编目
• Catalog We Can Trust Team “我们可以信
任”書录
• Technical Processing Services 技术处理服
务
• Interlibrary Loan 馆际互借
Results To Date
截至2010年 3月
•
510,000 books ordered 订购510,000本书籍
•
54,910 DVDs, CDs, Audiobooks ordered 订购54,910
DVD光盘，音樂光盘，有声读物
•
55,400 World Language items ordered 订购55,400世界
语言的书籍
•
22,500 English-language items cataloged 22,500英语语
言项目编目
•
9,443 World Language items cataloged 9,443世界语言
项目编目
•
119,000 items processed in-house 119,000 内部处理
119,000项目
•
8,700 Interlibrary loans filled 满足 8,700馆际互借要求
Criteria for Materials Selection (1)
图书选购准侧
1. Attention of critics, reviewers, media, and
the public 媒体热点评论
2. Suitability of format for library use and
content. 适宜图书馆使用的格式和内容
3. Suitability of subject and style for the
intended audience. 切合读者需求的主题和风格
4. Importance as a document of the times. 时代
的代表性
5. Relation to the Library’s existing collection
and other material available on subject. 和图书
馆现有的馆藏和主题材料有关
Criteria for Materials Selection (2)
6. Authority, reputation, or qualifications of the
author, artist, publisher, or producer. 权威专家作品
7. Organization and ease of use; clarity, accuracy, and
logic of presentation. 文字组织和易用性
8. Cost and availability. 价格和可用性
9. Currency of information. 当下最新资料
10. Inclusion in standard bibliographies,
webliographies, or indexes. 纳入标准书目，或索引
Criteria for Materials Selection (3)
11. Enhancement of existing Library collection to
reflect: 增进和提高錧藏内容
a. Importance of the title when compared with other
works on the subject.
b. Importance of the subject matter or point of view to
the collection.
c. Adequate retrospective and current subject coverage
d. Adequate coverage when there is a scarcity of material
published on the subject.
12. Representation of an important movement,
genre, trend, or national culture. 对重要运动，流派，
趋势，或民族文化有代表性
Criteria for Materials Selection (4)
13. Artistic presentation and experimentation
文字和图片质量的优美
14. Contemporary materials representing
various points of view, which are of current
interest and possible future significance,
including materials that reflect current
conditions, trends, and controversies. 从多方
面反映当下热门题材
Other Materials Management Issues
其他圖書管理項目
Special Collections
特别馆藏
Digital Services and
Preservation
数字资源服务和保
养
赠书处理
Gifts
Collection
Maintenance
Patron Comments on
Library Materials
图书的保存与舍弃
读者对图书馆收藏
的批评建议
Office of Materials Selection
Manager Office of Materials
Selection
Adult Fiction and
Media Specialist
Team Leader
Adult Non-Fiction
Specialist
English and
Spanish Adult
Materials Specialist
Clerical Support
Office Associate 1
Clerical Support
Office Aide 1
Young Adult
Materials Specialist
Team Leader
Juvenile Fiction
Materials Specialist
Juvenile Nonfiction and Media
Materials
Specialist
World languages
Materials Specialist
Team Leader
Clerical Support
Office Associate 1
Electronic
Resources
Specialist
Part-time Clerical
Assistant
Clerical Support
Office Associate 3
Adult Materials Team
Youth Materials Team
World Languages Team
Electronic Resources
Traditional Ordering
传统购书方法
Each branch got a budget 每分馆有自已的预算资金 。
Lists were prepared centrally and mailed to each
branch e.g. new titles, replacements according to
subject areas 有关部门每期分发书单给分馆。
Staff at each branch looked for reviews, had
meetings on each list, decided on titles, and did
own calculation of amount spent 分馆馆员负责寻找评
论，开会决定书目，统计开支。
Office collected lists and compiled numbers
together. Orders then sent out to vendors 有关部门
集中各分馆的书目，送订单给书商。
Shortcoming of this Method
Very time consuming
非常耗时
Process repeated in all 60 locations
About 70% of titles were must for most
branches 大概70%书目对每馆都重要
Lists never come back to office on time,
resulting in order delays 书单不准时交回，以至延迟整
体订书
BPL would rather have branch staff devote
most of their time to public services 图书馆宁可分
馆馆员大部分的时间投入到公共服务
Centralized Selection Model
集中选书
Selection is done centrally by 4 teams of
materials specialists: 由4组的选购专员集中选书
A materials 成人组 (2 ½ 位馆员)
YA and J materials 青少年及少儿组 (3 位馆员)
World Language materials 外语组 (1 1/2 位馆员)
Electronic Resources 电子资源组 (1 位馆员)
Librarians at branches may send in requests
for specific materials that are unique for
certain branches 如有特别需要分馆可要求具体书目
Our Strategies 方法
English 英文书
Millennium Acquisitions ILS 订购软体
Vendor Website 书商数据库
Outsource cataloging and processing to vendors (BPL still
does cataloging of non fiction materials)馆外图书编目及
图书上架处理
World Languages 世界语言
Modified ordering approach due to ordering environment
依据订购环境而调整订购方法
World Language teams 15个不同语种组
All language materials are cataloged and processed in
house. Processing for Russian and Spanish materials are
outsourced. 除俄文和西语外，其他外语图书编目及图
书上架处理工作均是馆内各相关部门处理
Baker and Taylor
Midwest Tapes
World Languages Materials in BPL
世界语言馆藏
15 languages: Albanian, Arabic, Bengali, Chinese,
French, Haitian, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Polish,
Russian, Spanish, Turkish, Urdu, and Yiddish.
阿尔巴尼亚语，阿拉伯语，孟加拉语，汉语，法语，海地语，希伯来语，
匈牙利语，意大利语，波兰语，俄语，西班牙语，土耳其语，乌尔都语
和意第绪语
Multilingual Center (MLC) at Central Library collects
additional 21 languages.
多语言中心加藏21语种
Community Needs Assessment Project.
社区需要评估
The World Language Selectors
外语选购专员
World Language Materials Specialist
o Oversees selection, acquisition, and distribution of
WL materials to the branches and Multilingual
Center 负责外语选购及分配
o Manages the world language budget 负责外语预算
o Chairs the Advisory Committees领导各语种组
o Liaison between BPL and world language vendors.
负责联络书商
Selectors Advisory Committees
外语选购组
For major languages, such as Russian and Chinese,
there are at least 3 language librarians serving on the
Advisory Committee. One of them is always from the
Multilingual Center. 对主要语种，俄语和汉语组，每组由
最少3个语种馆员组成。其中一人是多语言中心馆员。
1 to 2 language librarians serving on some remaining
advisory committees. 其他语种由1个到2个语种馆员组成。
In the absence of language librarians, profile and
budget amount are sent to vendor periodically for
them to do the selection for us. 如缺乏某语种馆员，图书
馆会向书商提供题材形式要求和预算金额，让他们定期为我
们选书。
Acquisition
Bookbuy Time Frames
Bookbuy time frames are arranged according
to budget and needs: 购书频次根据预算安排和需要
Monthly 每月
Quarterly 每季
Semi-annual 每半年
Annual 每年
Acquisition Ordering Modes
订购模式
Store visits 书店
Web – similar to Baker & Taylor 网络
Book Fairs – Guadalajara Book Fair 书展
Emails – lists 电邮书单
Phone/Fax – old time vendors who don’t
have computers (usually these are genre
orders e.g. romance and Spanish Fotonovela)
电话/传真
Profile
题材形式
Distribution Templates
分佩模版
World Language Circulation Table
外语流通数据
Chinese Templates FY09
09 年中文书分佩模版
Template A
51,67,55,71,82,44,28,42,49,80,76,56,25,74,77,29,45,48,32,50,81,35 (22 branches)
Template B1
51,67,55,71,82,44,28,42,49,80,76,25,74,29,45,77 (16 branches)
Template B2
51,67,55,71,82,44,28,42,49,80,48,56,32,50,81,35 (16 branches)
Template C
51,67,55,71,82,44,28,42,49,80 (10 branches)
Template D
51
Template F
9 (MLC)
Distribution
Floating
浮动馆藏
To reduce internal delivery load. 减少内部传递负荷
To place materials at locations where they are
needed. 書籍浮動到有需要的地點
To alert BPL on demographic changes in different
Brooklyn neighborhoods. 人口结构的变化指标
One library, one collection 书籍是为整个系统的使用，而不只
是为单一分馆
Questions
问题
Contact Information
http://www.brooklynpubliclibrary.org
Maria Fung m.fung@brooklynpubliclibrary.org
Thank You
OMS staff send their greetings
采购部门向你们问候